Linux监控平台及安装Zabbix

1.Linux监控平台介绍

       一个成熟的企业必须要有监控平台,流行的开源监控软件有:Cacti、Nagios、Zabbix、smokeping、open-falcon等。

       前三款软件都可以监控服务器的基础指标,比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等,其中Cacti更擅长监控网络流量,很多IDC机房的网络设备流量用cacti来监控,因为它成图专业。Cacti、Nagios已经Zabbix都是C/S架构,需要安装一个服务器,然后还需要在被监控的机器上安装客户端。这三款软件都需要有PHP环境的支持,其中Nagios不需要数据库,Cacti和Zabbix都需要MySQL的支持,用来存储数据。Nagios在许多年前很受欢迎,但现在不如Zabbix了,因为Zabbix可以存储数据,很方便地画图,并且支持查询历史数据。Zabbix还有一个特性,它可以非常方便地自定义监控项目。

       Cacti、smokeping偏向于基础监控,成图非常漂亮。open-falcon为小米公司开发,开源后受到诸多大公司和运维工程师的追捧,适合大企业,滴滴、360、新浪微博、京东等大公司在使用这款监控软件,值得深入研究。

2.Zabbix监控介绍

       Zabbix是C/S架构,基于C++开发,分为服务端(server)和客户端(client),监控中心支持web界面配置和管理。理论上,在硬件和网络条件允许的情况下,单个server节点可以支持上万台客户端。Zabbix的最新版本3.4,官方文档地址为:https://www.zabbix.com/manuals

Zabbix整个体系架构如下:

1)zabbix-server

zabbix-server监控中心,是整个监控体系中最核心的组件,它负责接收客户端发送的报告信息,所有配置、统计数据及操作数据都由它组织。

2)数据存储

所有的收集信息存储在这里。

3)web界面

web界面即GUI,这是Zabbix监控简单易用的原因之一,因为可以在Web界面中配置、管理各个客户端,需要有PHP支撑。

4)zabbix-proxy

zabbix-proxy为可选组件,用于监控节点非常多的分布式环境中,它可以代理zabbix-server的功能,减轻zabbix-server的压力。

5)zabbix-agent

zabbix-agent为客户端软件,用于采集各监控项目的数据,并把采集的数据传输给zabbix-proxy或zabbix-server。

流程图如下:


3.安装Zabbix

Zabbix的官方下载地址为:https://www.zabbix.com/download,在安装时需要先安装Zabbix的yum扩展源,然后利用yum安装。

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
--2018-07-08 17:27:00--  http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)... 162.243.159.138
正在连接 repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)|162.243.159.138|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:13392 (13K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm”

100%[===========================================================================================>] 13,392      --.-K/s 用时 0s      

2018-07-08 17:27:01 (183 MB/s) - 已保存 “zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm” [13392/13392])

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
警告:zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7         ################################# [100%]

使用命令“yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql”安装

安装完成后,查看mysql服务是否启动;

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql
root       935  0.0  0.1 115432  1572 ?        S    15:43   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/yuioplvlinux-128.pid
mysql     1106  0.2 45.0 1324420 453700 ?      Sl   15:43   0:23 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yuioplvlinux-128.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/yuioplvlinux-128.pid
root      1888  0.0  0.0 112720   968 pts/1    R+   17:56   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

编辑/etc/my.cnf,新增一行,配置编码格式,保存后重启mysql服务。

character_set_server = utf8

配置mysql:

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8;   #创建Zabbix库,字符集为UTF-8
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'yu-zabbix';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

导入Zabbix相关的数据;

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11/
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql.gz  NEWS  README
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# gzip -d create.sql.gz 
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql  NEWS  README
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# mysql -uroot -p123456 zabbix < create.sql   #导入mysql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

编辑/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf;

DBHost=127.0.0.1 //在DBName=zabbix上面增加
DBPassword=yu-zabbix //在DBuser下面增加

启动Zabbix服务;

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# ps aux |grep zabbix
zabbix    2432  1.1  0.4 254852  4184 ?        S    19:19   0:01 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
zabbix    2435  0.0  0.3 254860  3136 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [synced configuration in 0.021904 sec, idle 60 sec]
zabbix    2436  0.0  0.2 254852  2892 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: db watchdog [synced alerts config in 0.002751 sec, idle 60 sec]
zabbix    2437  0.1  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2438  0.1  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #2 [got 0 values in 0.000009 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2439  0.1  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #3 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2440  0.2  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #4 [got 0 values in 0.000009 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2441  0.0  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #5 [got 0 values in 0.000016 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2442  0.1  0.5 361792  5264 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: unreachable poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000008 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2443  0.0  0.3 254852  3624 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #1 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix    2444  0.0  0.3 254852  3624 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #2 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix    2445  0.0  0.3 254852  3624 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #3 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix    2446  0.0  0.3 254852  3624 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #4 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix    2447  0.0  0.3 254852  3624 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #5 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]
zabbix    2448  0.0  0.2 257428  2688 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: icmp pinger #1 [got 0 values in 0.000009 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2449  0.0  0.2 254852  2876 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [sent alerts: 0 success, 0 fail in 0.001124 sec, idle 30 sec]
zabbix    2450  0.0  0.2 254852  2512 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: housekeeper [startup idle for 30 minutes]
zabbix    2451  0.0  0.2 254932  2996 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: timer #1 [processed 0 triggers, 0 events in 0.000031 sec, 0 maintenances in 0.000000 sec, idle 30 sec]
zabbix    2452  0.0  0.2 254852  2892 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: http poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000859 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2453  0.1  0.5 359320  5252 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: discoverer #1 [processed 0 rules in 0.002845 sec, idle 60 sec]
zabbix    2454  0.0  0.2 254852  2888 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #1 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    2455  0.0  0.2 254852  2888 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #2 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    2456  0.0  0.2 254852  2888 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #3 [synced 0 items in 0.000002 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    2457  0.0  0.2 254852  2888 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #4 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    2458  0.0  0.3 254852  3828 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: escalator #1 [processed 0 escalations in 0.001104 sec, idle 3 sec]
zabbix    2464  0.0  0.3 254852  3832 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: proxy poller #1 [exchanged data with 0 proxies in 0.000007 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    2468  0.0  0.2 254852  2656 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: self-monitoring [processed data in 0.000007 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    2473  0.2  0.2 254852  2876 ?        S    19:19   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: task manager [processed 0 task(s) in 0.000445 sec, idle 5 sec]
root      2491  0.0  0.0 112720   968 pts/0    R+   19:21   0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2432/zabbix_server  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      895/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1174/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      2432/zabbix_server  
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1106/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      895/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1174/master     

启动httpd服务,需要注意的是:启动之前,确保80端口没有被占用

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service.
[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
在浏览器中输入地址:http://192.168.30.128/zabbix,打开的页面如下:



点击下一步,可以看到一个Fail,这是因为没有配置时区;


编辑/etc/php.ini,新增一行;

date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

重启httpd服务后,刷新页面;


输入数据库地址和密码;

Host和Port为默认的,需要做了更改,在这修改即可;

配置成功页面如下:


登录账户默认是:Admin,密码是:zabbix;


登录的页面如下:


修改默认密码;


输入密码并确认,将语言选择为简体中文;



刷新后页面如下:


忘记Admin密码,可以登录服务器的数据库进行更改,操作如下:

[root@yuioplvlinux-128 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 209
Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use zabbix;   #切换至zabbix库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> desc users;
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| userid         | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| alias          | varchar(100)        | NO   | UNI |         |       |
| name           | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| surname        | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| passwd         | char(32)            | NO   |     |         |       |
| url            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| autologin      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| autologout     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 900     |       |
| lang           | varchar(5)          | NO   |     | en_GB   |       |
| refresh        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 30      |       |
| type           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
| theme          | varchar(128)        | NO   |     | default |       |
| attempt_failed | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| attempt_ip     | varchar(39)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| attempt_clock  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| rows_per_page  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 50      |       |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
16 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> update users set passwd=md5('yu-linux') where alias= 'Admin';   #将密码修改为yu-linux
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0


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转载自blog.csdn.net/yuioplv/article/details/80960321