Inxi：一个功能强大的获取 Linux 系统信息的命令行工具

Inxi 最初是为控制台和 IRC（网络中继聊天）开发的一个强大且优秀的命令行系统信息脚本。可以使用它获取用户的硬件和系统信息，它也用于调试或者社区技术支持工具。

使用 Inxi 可以很容易的获取所有的硬件信息：硬盘、声卡、显卡、网卡、CPU 和 RAM 等。同时也能够获取大量的操作系统信息，比如硬件驱动、Xorg 、桌面环境、内核、GCC 版本，进程，开机时间和内存等信息。

运行在命令行和 IRC 上的 Inxi 输出略有不同，IRC 上会有一些可供用户使用的默认过滤器和颜色选项。支持的 IRC 客户端有：BitchX、Gaim/Pidgin、ircII、Irssi、 Konversation、 Kopete、 KSirc、 KVIrc、 Weechat 和 Xchat 以及其它的一些客户端，它们具有展示内置或外部 Inxi 输出的能力。

在 Linux 系统上安装 Inxi

大多数主流 Linux 发行版的仓库中都有 Inxi ，包括大多数 BSD 系统。

1. $ sudoapt-get install inxi [OnDebian//LinuxMint]
2. $ sudoyum install inxi [On/RHEL/]
3. $ sudo dnf install inxi [OnFedora22+]

在使用 Inxi 之前，用下面的命令查看 Inxi 所有依赖和推荐的应用，以及各种目录，并显示需要安装哪些包来支持给定的功能。

1. $ inxi --recommends

Inxi 的输出：

1. inxi will now begin checking for the programs it needs to operate.First a check of the main languages and tools
2. inxi uses.Pythonis only for debugging data collection.
3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Bash version:4.3.42(1)-release
5. Gawk version:4.1.3,
6. Sed version:
7. Sudo version:1.8.16
8. Python version:2.7.12
9. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. TestOne:RequiredSystemDirectories(LinuxOnly).
11. If one of these system directories is missing, inxi cannot operate:
12. /proc.......................................................................Present
13. /sys........................................................................Present
14. All the directories are present.
15. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. TestTwo:RequiredCoreApplications.
17. If one of these applications is missing, inxi cannot operate:
18. df(info: partition data).................................................../bin/df
19. gawk(info: core tool)....................................................../usr/bin/gawk
20. grep(info: string search)................................................../bin/grep
21. lspci (info: hardware data)................................................./usr/bin/lspci
22. ps(info: process data)...................................................../bin/ps
23. readlink..................................................................../bin/readlink
24. sed(info: string replace)................................................../bin/sed
25. tr(info: character replace)................................................/usr/bin/tr
26. uname(info: kernel data).................................................../bin/uname
27. wc(info: word character count)............................................./usr/bin/wc
28. All the applications are present.
29. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. TestThree:ScriptRecommendsforGraphicsFeatures.
31. NOTE:If you donotuse X these donot matter (like a headless server).Otherwise,if one of these applications
32. is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
33. glxinfo (info:-G glx info)................................................./usr/bin/glxinfo
34. xdpyinfo (info:-G multi screen resolution)................................./usr/bin/xdpyinfo
35. xprop (info:-S desktop data).............................................../usr/bin/xprop
36. xrandr (info:-G single screen resolution)................................../usr/bin/xrandr
37. All the applications are present.
38. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. TestFour:ScriptRecommendsforRemainingFeatures.
40. If one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
41. dig (info:-i first wlan ipdefaulttest).................................../usr/bin/dig
42. dmidecode (info:-M ifno sys machine data;-m memory)....................../usr/sbin/dmidecode
43. file(info:-o unmounted file system)......................................./usr/bin/file
44. hciconfig (info:-n -i bluetooth data)....................................../bin/hciconfig
45. hddtemp (info:-Dx show hdd temp).........................................../usr/sbin/hddtemp
46. ifconfig(info:-i ip lan-deprecated)......................................./sbin/ifconfig
47. ip(info:-i ip lan)......................................................../sbin/ip
48. sensors (info:-s sensors output).........................................../usr/bin/sensors
49. strings(info:-I sysvinit version)........................................./usr/bin/strings
50. lsusb (info:-A usb audio;-N usb networking)................................/usr/bin/lsusb
51. modinfo (info:-Ax,-Nxmodule version)....................................../sbin/modinfo
52. runlevel(info:-I runlevel)................................................/sbin/runlevel
53. sudo(info:-Dx hddtemp-user;-o file-user)................................../usr/bin/sudo
54. uptime(info:-I uptime(check which package owns Debian))................../usr/bin/uptime
55. All the applications are present.
56. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
57. TestFive:ScriptRecommendsforRemainingFeatures.
58. One of these downloaders needed for options -i/-w/-W (-U/-![11-15],if supported):
59. wget(info:-i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-![11-15](if supported)).................../usr/bin/wget
60. curl (info:-i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-![11-15](if supported)).................../usr/bin/curl
61. All the applications are present.
62. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
63. TestSix:SystemDirectoriesforVariousInformation.
64. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
65. If one of these directories is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
66. /sys/class/dmi/id(info:-M system, motherboard, bios)......................Present
67. /dev (info:-l,-u,-o,-p,-P,-D disk partition data)..........................Present
68. /dev/disk/by-label (info:-l,-o,-p,-P partition labels).....................Present
69. /dev/disk/by-uuid (info:-u,-o,-p,-P partition uuid)........................Present
70. All the directories are present.
71. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
72. TestSeven:SystemFilesforVariousInformation.
73. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
74. If one of these files is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
75. /proc/asound/cards (info:-A sound card data)...............................Present
76. /proc/asound/version (info:-A ALSA data)...................................Present
77. /proc/cpuinfo (info:-C cpu data)...........................................Present
78. /etc/lsb-release (info:-S distro version data [deprecated])................Present
79. /proc/mdstat (info:-R mdraid data).........................................Present
80. /proc/meminfo (info:-I memory data)........................................Present
81. /etc/os-release (info:-S distro version data)..............................Present
82. /proc/partitions (info:-p,-P partitions data)..............................Present
83. /proc/modules (info:-G module data)........................................Present
84. /proc/mounts (info:-P,-p partition advanced data)..........................Present
85. /var/run/dmesg.boot (info:-D,-d disk data [BSD only])......................Missing
86. /proc/scsi/scsi (info:-D Advanced hard disk data [used rarely])............Present
87. /var/log/Xorg.0.log(info:-G graphics driver load status)..................Present
88. The following files are missing from your system:
89. File:/var/run/dmesg.boot
90. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
91. All tests completed.

Inxi 工具的基本用法

用下面的基本用法获取系统和硬件的详细信息。

获取 Linux 系统信息

Inix 不加任何选项就能输出下面的信息：CPU 、内核、开机时长、内存大小、硬盘大小、进程数、登录终端以及 Inxi 版本。

1. $ inxi
2. CPU~Dual core IntelCore i5-4210U(-HT-MCP-) speed/max~2164/2700MHzKernel~4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 Up~3:15Mem~3122.0/7879.9MB HDD~1000.2GB(20.0% used)Procs~234Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35

获取内核和发行版本信息

使用 Inxi 的 -S 选项查看本机系统信息（主机名、内核信息、桌面环境和发行版）：

1. $ inxi -S
2. System:Host:TecMintKernel:4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit)Desktop:Cinnamon3.0.7
3. Distro:LinuxMint18Sarah

获取电脑机型

使用 -M 选项查看机型（笔记本/台式机）、产品 ID 、机器版本、主板、制造商和 BIOS 等信息：

1. $ inxi -M
2. Machine:System: LENOVO (portable) product:20354 v:Lenovo Z50-70
3. Mobo: LENOVO model:Lancer5A5 v:31900059WINBios: LENOVO v:9BCN26WWdate:07/31/2014

获取 CPU 及主频信息

使用 -C 选项查看完整的 CPU 信息，包括每核 CPU 的频率及可用的最大主频。

1. $ inxi -C
2. CPU:Dual core IntelCore i5-4210U(-HT-MCP-) cache:3072 KB
3. clock speeds: max:2700MHz1:1942MHz2:1968MHz3:1734MHz4:1710MHz

获取显卡信息

使用 -G 选项查看显卡信息，包括显卡类型、显示服务器、系统分辨率、GLX 渲染器和 GLX 版本等等（LCTT 译注： GLX 是一个 X 窗口系统的 OpenGL 扩展）。

1. $ inxi -G
2. Graphics:Card-1:IntelHaswell-ULT IntegratedGraphicsController
3. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce840M]
4. DisplayServer: X.Org1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa)Resolution:1920x1080@60.05hz
5. GLX Renderer:Mesa DRI IntelHaswellMobile GLX Version:3.0Mesa11.2.0

获取声卡信息

使用 -A 选项查看声卡信息：

1. $ inxi -A
2. Audio:Card-1Intel8Series HD AudioController driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
3. Card-2IntelHaswell-ULT HD AudioController driver: snd_hda_intel

获取网卡信息

使用 -N 选项查看网卡信息：

1. $ inxi -N
2. Network:Card-1:Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI ExpressGigabitEthernetController driver: r8169
3. Card-2:Realtek RTL8723BE PCIeWirelessNetworkAdapter driver: rtl8723be

获取硬盘信息

使用 -D 选项查看硬盘信息（大小、ID、型号）：

1. $ inxi -D
2. Drives: HDD TotalSize:1000.2GB(20.0% used) ID-1:/dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size:1000.2GB

获取简要的系统信息

使用 -b 选项显示上述信息的简要系统信息：

1. $ inxi -b
2. System:Host:TecMintKernel:4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit)Desktop:Cinnamon3.0.7
3. Distro:LinuxMint18Sarah
4. Machine:System: LENOVO (portable) product:20354 v:Lenovo Z50-70
5. Mobo: LENOVO model:Lancer5A5 v:31900059WINBios: LENOVO v:9BCN26WWdate:07/31/2014
6. CPU:Dual core IntelCore i5-4210U(-HT-MCP-) speed/max:2018/2700MHz
7. Graphics:Card-1:IntelHaswell-ULT IntegratedGraphicsController
8. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce840M]
9. DisplayServer: X.Org1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa)Resolution:1920x1080@60.05hz
10. GLX Renderer:Mesa DRI IntelHaswellMobile GLX Version:3.0Mesa11.2.0
11. Network:Card-1:Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI ExpressGigabitEthernetController driver: r8169
12. Card-2:Realtek RTL8723BE PCIeWirelessNetworkAdapter driver: rtl8723be
13. Drives: HDD TotalSize:1000.2GB(20.0% used)
14. Info:Processes:233Uptime:3:23Memory:3137.5/7879.9MBClient:Shell(bash) inxi:2.2.35

获取硬盘分区信息

使用 -p 选项输出完整的硬盘分区信息，包括每个分区的分区大小、已用空间、可用空间、文件系统以及文件系统类型。

1. $ inxi -p
2. Partition: ID-1:/ size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
3. ID-2: swap-1size:4.00GB used:0.00GB(0%) fs: swap dev:/dev/sda9

获取完整的 Linux 系统信息

使用 -F 选项查看可以完整的 Inxi 输出（安全起见比如网络 IP 地址信息没有显示，下面的示例只显示部分输出信息）：

1. $ inxi -F
2. System:Host:TecMintKernel:4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit)Desktop:Cinnamon3.0.7
3. Distro:LinuxMint18Sarah
4. Machine:System: LENOVO (portable) product:20354 v:Lenovo Z50-70
5. Mobo: LENOVO model:Lancer5A5 v:31900059WINBios: LENOVO v:9BCN26WWdate:07/31/2014
6. CPU:Dual core IntelCore i5-4210U(-HT-MCP-) cache:3072 KB
7. clock speeds: max:2700MHz1:1716MHz2:1764MHz3:1776MHz4:1800MHz
8. Graphics:Card-1:IntelHaswell-ULT IntegratedGraphicsController
9. Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce840M]
10. DisplayServer: X.Org1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa)Resolution:1920x1080@60.05hz
11. GLX Renderer:Mesa DRI IntelHaswellMobile GLX Version:3.0Mesa11.2.0
12. Audio:Card-1Intel8Series HD AudioController driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
13. Card-2IntelHaswell-ULT HD AudioController driver: snd_hda_intel
14. Network:Card-1:Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI ExpressGigabitEthernetController driver: r8169
15. IF: enp1s0 state: up speed:100Mbps duplex: full mac:28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
16. Card-2:Realtek RTL8723BE PCIeWirelessNetworkAdapter driver: rtl8723be
17. IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac:38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
18. Drives: HDD TotalSize:1000.2GB(20.0% used) ID-1:/dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size:1000.2GB
19. Partition: ID-1:/ size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
20. ID-2: swap-1size:4.00GB used:0.00GB(0%) fs: swap dev:/dev/sda9
21. RAID:No RAID devices:/proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
22. Sensors:SystemTemperatures: cpu:56.0C mobo: N/A
23. FanSpeeds(in rpm): cpu: N/A
24. Info:Processes:234Uptime:3:26Memory:3188.9/7879.9MBClient:Shell(bash) inxi:2.2.35

使用 Inxi 工具监控 Linux 系统

下面是监控 Linux 系统进程、开机时间和内存的几个选项的使用方法。

监控 Linux 进程的内存使用

使用下面的命令查看进程数、开机时间和内存使用情况：

1. $ inxi -I
2. Info:Processes:232Uptime:3:35Memory:3256.3/7879.9MBClient:Shell(bash) inxi:2.2.35

监控进程占用的 CPU 和内存资源

Inxi 默认显示 前 5 个最消耗 CPU 和内存的进程。 -t 选项和 c 选项一起使用查看前 5 个最消耗 CPU 资源的进程，查看最消耗内存的进程使用 -t 选项和 m 选项； -t选项 和 cm 选项一起使用显示前 5 个最消耗 CPU 和内存资源的进程。

1. -----------------Linux CPU Usage-----------------
2. $ inxi -t c
3. Processes: CPU:% used -top5 active
4. 1: cpu:53.7% command: plugin-container pid:3066
5. 2: cpu:20.0% command: java pid:1527
6. 3: cpu:19.7% command: firefox pid:3018
7. 4: cpu:4.6% command:Xorg pid:2114
8. 5: cpu:3.0% command: cinnamon pid:2835

1. -----------------LinuxMemoeryUsage-----------------
2. $ inxi -t m
3. Processes:Memory: MB /% used -Used/Total:3212.5/7879.9MB-top5 active
4. 1: mem:980.51MB(12.4%) command: plugin-container pid:3066
5. 2: mem:508.96MB(6.4%) command: java pid:1527
6. 3: mem:507.89MB(6.4%) command: firefox pid:3018
7. 4: mem:244.05MB(3.0%) command: chrome pid:7405
8. 5: mem:211.46MB(2.6%) command: chrome pid:6146

1. -----------------Linux CPU andMemoryUsage-----------------
2. $ inxi -t cm
3. Processes: CPU:% used -top5 active
4. 1: cpu:53.7% command: plugin-container pid:3066
5. 2: cpu:20.0% command: java pid:1527
6. 3: cpu:19.7% command: firefox pid:3018
7. 4: cpu:4.6% command:Xorg pid:2114
8. 5: cpu:3.0% command: cinnamon pid:2835
9. Memory: MB /% used -Used/Total:3223.6/7879.9MB-top5 active
10. 1: mem:991.93MB(12.5%) command: plugin-container pid:3066
11. 2: mem:508.96MB(6.4%) command: java pid:1527
12. 3: mem:507.86MB(6.4%) command: firefox pid:3018
13. 4: mem:244.45MB(3.1%) command: chrome pid:7405
14. 5: mem:211.68MB(2.6%) command: chrome pid:6146

可以在选项 cm 后跟一个整数（在 1-20 之间）设置显示多少个进程，下面的命令显示了前 10 个最消耗 CPU 和内存的进程：

1. $ inxi -t cm10
2. Processes: CPU:% used -top10 active
3. 1: cpu:53.4% command: plugin-container pid:3066
4. 2: cpu:19.8% command: java pid:1527
5. 3: cpu:19.5% command: firefox pid:3018
6. 4: cpu:4.5% command:Xorg pid:2114
7. 5: cpu:3.0% command: cinnamon pid:2835
8. 6: cpu:2.8% command: chrome pid:7405
9. 7: cpu:1.1% command: pulseaudio pid:2733
10. 8: cpu:1.0% command: soffice.bin pid:7799
11. 9: cpu:0.9% command: chrome pid:5763
12. 10: cpu:0.5% command: chrome pid:6179
13. Memory: MB /% used -Used/Total:3163.1/7879.9MB-top10 active
14. 1: mem:976.82MB(12.3%) command: plugin-container pid:3066
15. 2: mem:511.70MB(6.4%) command: java pid:1527
16. 3: mem:466.01MB(5.9%) command: firefox pid:3018
17. 4: mem:244.40MB(3.1%) command: chrome pid:7405
18. 5: mem:203.71MB(2.5%) command: chrome pid:6146
19. 6: mem:199.74MB(2.5%) command: chrome pid:5763
20. 7: mem:168.30MB(2.1%) command: cinnamon pid:2835
21. 8: mem:165.51MB(2.1%) command: soffice.bin pid:7799
22. 9: mem:158.91MB(2.0%) command: chrome pid:6179
23. 10: mem:151.83MB(1.9%) command: mysqld pid:1259

监控网络设备

下面的命令会列出网卡信息，包括接口信息、网络频率、mac 地址、网卡状态和网络 IP 等信息。

1. $ inxi -Nni
2. Network:Card-1:Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI ExpressGigabitEthernetController driver: r8169
3. IF: enp1s0 state: up speed:100Mbps duplex: full mac:28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
4. Card-2:Realtek RTL8723BE PCIeWirelessNetworkAdapter driver: rtl8723be
5. IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac:38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
6. WAN IP:111.91.115.195 IF: wlp2s0 ip-v4: N/A
7. IF: enp1s0 ip-v4:192.168.0.103

监控 CPU 温度和电脑风扇转速

可以使用 -s 选项监控 配置了传感器的机器 获取温度和风扇转速：

1. $ inxi -s
2. Sensors:SystemTemperatures: cpu:53.0C mobo: N/A
3. FanSpeeds(in rpm): cpu: N/A

用 Linux 查看天气预报

使用 -w 选项查看本地区的天气情况（虽然使用的 API 可能不是很可靠），使用 -W <different_location> 设置另外的地区。

1. $ inxi -w
2. Weather:Conditions:93 F (34 C)- smoke Time:February20,1:38 PM IST
3. $ inxi -W Mumbai,India
4. Weather:Conditions:93 F (34 C)- smoke Time:February20,1:38 PM IST
5. $ inxi -W Nairobi,Kenya
6. Weather:Conditions:70 F (21 C)-MostlyCloudyTime:February20,11:08 AM EAT

查看所有的 Linux 仓库信息

另外，可以使用 -r 选项查看一个 Linux 发行版的仓库信息：

1. $ inxi -r
2. Repos:Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/dawidd0811-neofetch-xenial.list
3. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
4. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
5. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/dhor-myway-xenial.list
6. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
7. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
8. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
9. deb http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport
10. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
11. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
12. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
13. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
14. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
15. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/qbittorrent-team-qbittorrent-stable-xenial.list
16. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
17. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
18. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/slgobinath-safeeyes-xenial.list
19. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
20. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
21. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/snwh-pulp-xenial.list
22. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
23. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
24. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/twodopeshaggy-jarun-xenial.list
25. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
26. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
27. Active apt sources infile:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mozilla-security-ppa-xenial.list
28. deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
29. deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main

下面是查看 Inxi 的安装版本、快速帮助和打开 man 主页的方法，以及更多的 Inxi 使用细节。

1. $ inxi -v #显示版本信息
2. $ inxi -h #快速帮助
3. $ man inxi #打开man主页

浏览 Inxi 的官方 GitHub 主页 https://github.com/smxi/inxi 查看更多的信息。

Inxi 是一个功能强大的获取硬件和系统信息的命令行工具。这也是我使用过的最好的 获取硬件和系统信息的命令行工具 之一。

写下你的评论。如果你知道其他的像 Inxi 这样的工具，我们很高兴和你一起讨论。

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作者简介：

Aaron Kili 是一个 Linux 和 F.O.S.S 的狂热爱好者，即任的 Linux 系统管理员，web 开发者，TecMint 网站的专栏作者，他喜欢使用计算机工作，并且乐于分享计算机技术。

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via: http://www.tecmint.com/inxi-command-to-find-linux-system-information/

作者：Aaron Kili 译者：vim-kakali 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出