加入内核源码树外
① 建立两个文件scull.c，scull.h，以及Makefile文件
Makefile文件
② 用make进行编译，生成scull.ko驱动程序模块
③ 把scull.ko模块加载到内核，并且查看scull.ko驱动
④ 查看当前设备使用的主设备号，主设备号为260
⑤ 首先应该在/dev/目录下创建与该驱动程序相对应的文件节点，查看创建好的驱动程序节点文件并修改scull的权限。
⑥ 编写test.c程序，来对驱动程序进行测试。编译并执行该程序
移除驱动模块
加入内核源码树里面
① 把驱动程序（模块程序）拷贝到内核源码树根目录下/drivers/char下
② 编译配置文件Kconfig，加入驱动选项，使之在make menuconfig的时候出现改模块选项
③ 在内核根目录下执行make menuconfig
④ 没有安装curses库，安装。
⑤ 在内核根目录下执行make menuconfig，找到驱动模块，设置启动为M
⑥ 在模块文件所在目录的Makefile中加入要编译的驱动模块文件
⑦ 在源代码根目录linux下，执行make bzImage后执行make modules
⑧ 在char目录下查看得知device1.ko已经存在
⑨ 用lsmod指令安装模块文件，再对驱动程序进行测试。编译并执行该程序
代码：
#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_
#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 260 /*预设的mem的主设备号*/
#endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2 /*设备数*/
#endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif
/*mem设备描述结构体*/
struct mem_dev
{
char *data;
unsigned long size;
};
#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */
scull.h
------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/switch_to.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include "scull.h"
static int mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;
module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);
struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/
struct cdev cdev;
/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct mem_dev *dev;
/*获取次设备号*/
int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);
if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS)
return -ENODEV;
dev = &mem_devp[num];
/*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
filp->private_data = dev;
return 0;
}
/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
/*判断读位置是否有效*/
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
/*读数据到用户空间*/
if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
{
ret = - EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}
return ret;
}
/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
/*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
/*从用户空间写入数据*/
if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
ret = - EFAULT;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}
return ret;
}
/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
loff_t newpos;
switch(whence) {
case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
newpos = offset;
break;
case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
break;
case 2: /* SEEK_END */
newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
break;
default: /* can't happen */
return -EINVAL;
}
if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
return -EINVAL;
filp->f_pos = newpos;
return newpos;
}
/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = mem_llseek,
.read = mem_read,
.write = mem_write,
.open = mem_open,
.release = mem_release,
};
/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
int result;
int i;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);
/* 静态申请设备号*/
if (mem_major)
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
else /* 动态分配设备号 */
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if (result < 0)
return result;
/*初始化cdev结构*/
cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev.ops = &mem_fops;
/* 注册字符设备 */
cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);
/* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!mem_devp) /*申请失败*/
{
result = - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));
/*为设备分配内存*/
for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++)
{
mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
}
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&cdev); /*注销设备*/
kfree(mem_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);
scull.c
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1 obj-m +=scull.o
2 all:
3 make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(shell pwd) modules
4 clean:
5 make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(shell pwd) clean
-----------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
char buf[]="this is a test!";
char buf_read[4096];
if((fd=open("/dev/scull",O_RDWR))==-1)
printf("open scull WRONG！\n");
else
printf("open scull SUCCESS!\n");
printf("buf is %s\n",buf);
write(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
read(fd,buf_read,sizeof(buf));
printf("buf_read is %s\n",buf_read);
return 0;
}
test.c