一.代码：
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
int year,month,day;
public:
Date(int x,int y,int z):year(x),month(y),day(z){}
Date(){year=month=day=0;}
void setDate(int x,int y,int z){year=x;month=y;day=z;}
void setYear(int x){year=x;}
void setMonth(int x){month=x;}
void setDay(int x){day=x;}
int getYear(){return year;}
int getMonth(){return month;}
int getDay(){return day;}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Date &t );
friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Date &t);
bool operator<(const Date &t);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Date &t )
{
out<<t.year<<" ";
out<<t.month<<" ";
out<<t.day;
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Date &t)
{
in>>t.year>>t.month>>t.day;
return in;
}
bool Date::operator<(const Date &t)
{
return year!=t.year?year<t.year:month!=t.month?month<t.month:day<t.day;
}
class Record
{
int uid;
int bid;
Date start;
Date end;//默认end为应该还书的时间
int xj;//1表示已经续借过，0时还未续借
int sy;//1时已经还书，0时未还书
public:
Record(int a,int b,Date c):uid(a),bid(b),start(c)
{
int i,j,k;
i=start.getYear();
j=start.getMonth();
k=start.getDay();
if(j+2<=12)
{
end.setDate(i,j+2,k);
}
else end.setDate(i+1,j+2-12,k);
xj=0;sy=0;
}
Record(){}
int getUid(){return uid;}
int getBid(){return bid;}
Date getS(){return start;}
Date getE(){return end;}
int getxj(){return xj;}
int getsy(){return sy;}
void setE();//用于续借时修改应该还书的时间，即将end再加两个月
void setxj(int x){xj=x;}
void setsy(int x){sy=x;}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r );
friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Record &r);
void display();
};
void Record::setE()
{
int i,j,k;
i=end.getYear();
j=end.getMonth();
k=end.getDay();
if(j+2<=12)
{
end.setDate(i,j+2,k);
}
else end.setDate(i+1,j+2-12,k);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r)
{
out<<r.uid<<" ";
out<<r.bid<<" ";
out<<r.start<<" ";
out<<r.end<<" ";
out<<r.xj<<" ";
out<<r.sy<<" ";
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Record &r)
{
in>>r.uid>>r.bid>>r.start>>r.end>>r.xj>>r.sy;
return in;
}
void Record::display()
{
cout<<"借阅人:"<<uid<<" "<<"书号:"<<bid<<" "<<"借书日期:"<<start<<" "<<"应还书日期:"<<end<<" "<<"是否续借过:"<<xj<<" "<<"是否已还书:"<<sy<<endl;
}
class Book
{
int id;//书号
string name;//书名
string press;//出版社
Date pd;//出版日期
int sum,ln;//总册数，已借出
int i;
public:
vector<Record>v1;
vector<Record>::iterator it1;
multimap<int,int>m1;//根据借阅人的学号建立
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit1;
Book(int a,string b,string c,Date d,int e,int f):id(a),name(b),press(c),pd(d),sum(e),ln(f){i=v1.size();}
Book(){}
int getId(){return id;}
string getName(){return name;}
string getPress(){return press;}
Date getPd(){return pd;}
int getSum(){return sum;}
int getLn(){return ln;}
void setSum(int x){sum=x;}
void setLn(int x){ln=x;}
void addRecord(Record r);
void dispRecord();
int search(int x);//根据借阅人的学号查询
void display();
void display1();
friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Book &b);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b);
};
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Book &b)
{
in>>b.id>>b.name>>b.press>>b.pd>>b.sum>>b.ln>>b.i;
int s=0;
if(b.i!=0)
{
while(s!=b.i)
{
in>>b.v1[s];s++;
}
}
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b)
{
out<<b.id<<" "<<b.name<<" "<<b.press<<" "<<b.pd<<" "<<b.sum<<" "<<b.ln<<" "<<endl;
if(b.v1.size()!=0)
{
out<<b.v1.size()<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<b.v1.size();i++)
{
out<<b.v1[i];
if(i!=b.v1.size()-1)
out<<endl;
}
}
else
out<<b.v1.size();
return out;
}
void Book::addRecord(Record r)
{
int i;
v1.push_back(r);
i=v1.size();
m1.insert(make_pair(r.getUid(),i-1));
}
void Book::dispRecord()
{
for(int i=0;i<v1.size();i++)
v1[i].display();
}
int Book::search(int x)
{
mit1=m1.find(x);
if(mit1!=m1.end())
{
return mit1->second;//返回的是这本书存储的关于借阅人x的借阅记录的下标值
}
else return -1;
}
void Book::display()
{
cout<<"书号:"<<id<<" "<<"书名:"<<name<<" "<<"出版社:"<<press<<" "<<"出版日期:"<<pd<<" "<<"总册数:"<<sum<<" "<<"已借出:"<<ln<<endl;
if(v1.size()!=0)
{
dispRecord();
}
}
void Book::display1()
{
cout<<"书号:"<<id<<" "<<"书名:"<<name<<" "<<"出版社:"<<press<<" "<<"出版日期:"<<pd<<" "<<"总册数:"<<sum<<" "<<"已借出:"<<ln<<endl;
}
class User
{
int id;
string name;
string major;
int mb,nb;//mb为最大借阅量，nb为当前借阅量
int wj;//1为违纪过，此时无法借书；
int i;
public:
vector<Record>v2;
vector<Record>::iterator it2;
multimap<int,int>m2;//根据所借书的书号建立
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit2;
User(int a,string b,string c):id(a),name(b),major(c)
{
mb=10;nb=0;wj=0;i=v2.size();
}
User(){i=v2.size();}
int getId(){return id;}
string getName(){return name;}
string getMajor(){return major;}
int getmb(){return mb;}
int getnb(){return nb;}
int getwj(){return wj;}
void setmb(int x){mb=x;}
void setnb(int x){nb=x;}
void setwj(){wj=1;mb=0;}
void addRecord(Record r);
void dispRecord();
int search(int no);//通过书号查找
void display();
bool operator ==( User &u)
{
if(this->id==u.getId())
return 1;
else return 0;
}
User & operator =(User &u)
{
id=u.id;
name=u.name;
major=u.major;
mb=u.mb;
nb=u.nb;
wj=u.wj;
v2=u.v2;
m2=u.m2;
}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,User &u);
friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,User &u);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,User &u)
{
out<<u.id<<" "<<u.name<<" "<<u.major<<" "<<u.mb<<" "<<u.nb<<" "<<u.wj<<" "<<endl;
if(u.v2.size()!=0)
{
out<<u.v2.size()<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<u.v2.size();++i)
{
out<<u.v2[i];
if(i!=u.v2.size()-1)
out<<endl;
}
}
else
out<<u.v2.size();
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,User &u)
{
in>>u.id>>u.name>>u.major>>u.mb>>u.nb>>u.wj>>u.i;
int s=0;
if(u.i!=0)
{
while(s!=u.i)
{
in>>u.v2[s];s++;
}
}
return in;
}
void User::addRecord(Record r)
{
int i;
v2.push_back(r);
i=v2.size();
m2.insert(make_pair(r.getBid(),i-1));
}
void User::dispRecord()
{
for(int i=0;i<v2.size();i++)
{
v2[i].display();
}
}
int User::search(int no)
{
mit2=m2.find(no);
if(mit2!=m2.end())
{
return mit2->second;
}
else return -1;
}
void User::display()
{
cout<<"学号:"<<id<<" "<<"姓名:"<<name<<" "<<"专业班级:"<<major<<" "<<"最大借阅量:"<<mb<<" "<<"当前借阅量:"<<nb<<" "<<"有无违纪:"<<wj<<endl;
if(v2.size()!=0)
{
dispRecord();
}
}
class Client
{
User u;
vector<Book>v3;
vector<Book>::iterator it3;
multimap<int,int>m3;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit3;
vector<User>v;
vector<User>::iterator it;
multimap<int,int>m;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit;
public:
Client(int x)
{
load1();
load2(x);
}
~Client()
{
save1();
save2();
}
void load1();
void save1();
void load2(int x);
void save2();
void queryBook(int x);
void borrow(int x,Date t);
void back(int x);
void displayu(){u.display();}
void displayb(int x){mit3=m3.find(x); v3[mit3->second].display();}
};
void Client::load1()
{
Book b;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171750book.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
while(infile>>b)
{
v3.push_back(b);
i=v3.size();
m3.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i-1));
}
infile.close();
}
void Client::save1()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171750book.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return;
for(int i=0;i<v3.size();i++)
{
outfile<<v3[i];
outfile<<endl;
}
outfile.close();
}
void Client::load2(int x)
{
User u;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171750stu.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
while(infile>>u)
{
v.push_back(u);
i=v.size();
m.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i-1));
if(x==u.getId())
{
this->u=u;
}
}
infile.close();
}
void Client::save2()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171750stu.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return ;
for(it=v.begin();it!=v.end();it++)
{
outfile<<*it;
outfile<<endl;
}
outfile.close();
}
void Client::queryBook(int x)
{
mit3=m3.find(x);
if(mit3!=m3.end())
{
v3[mit3->second].display1();
}
else
cout<<"未找到该书！"<<endl;
}
void Client::borrow(int x,Date t)
{
mit3=m3.find(x);
int i,j,k;
i=mit3->second;
j=v3[i].getLn();
k=v3[i].getSum();
if(u.getwj()==0&&j<k&&u.getnb()<u.getmb()&&mit3!=m3.end())
{
cout<<"借书成功！"<<endl;
Record r(u.getId(),v3[i].getId(),t);
u.addRecord(r); mit=m.find(u.getId()); v[mit->second].addRecord(r);
v3[i].addRecord(r);
u.setnb(u.getnb()+1); v[mit->second].setnb(u.getnb());
v3[i].setLn(j+1);
}
else
cout<<"借书失败！"<<endl;
}
void Client::back(int x)
{
mit3=m3.find(x);
int s=u.v2.size();
int flag=0;
int i=mit3->second;
int j=v3[i].getLn();
if(s!=0)
{
for(int i=0;i<s;++i)
{
if(x==u.v2[i].getBid())
flag=1;
}
}
if(mit3!=m3.end()&&flag==1)
{
cout<<"还书成功！"<<endl;//用户的nb-1√ 书的ln-1√ 用户和书的借阅记录的sy变为1
u.setnb(u.getnb()-1); mit=m.find(u.getId()); v[mit->second].setnb(u.getnb());
v3[i].setLn(j-1);
v3[i].mit1=v3[i].m1.find(u.getId()); v3[i].v1[v3[i].mit1->second].setsy(1);
u.mit2=u.m2.find(x); u.v2[u.mit2->second].setsy(1);
int k=mit->second;
v[k].mit2=v[k].m2.find(x); v[k].v2[v[k].mit2->second].setsy(1);
}
else
cout<<"还书失败！"<<endl;
}
class Manger
{
vector<User>v4;
vector<User>::iterator it4;
multimap<int,int>m4;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit4;
vector<Book>v5;
vector<Book>::iterator it5;
multimap<int,int>m5;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit5;
public:
Manger()
{
load1();
load2();
}
~Manger()
{
save1();
save2();
}
void load1();
void load2();
void save1();
void save2();
void addUser(User u);
void addBook(Book b);
void displayU(int x);
void displayB(int x);
};
void Manger::load1()
{
User u;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171750stu.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
v4.clear(); m4.clear();
i=0;
while(infile>>u)
{
v4.push_back(u);
m4.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i));
i++;
}
infile.close();
}
void Manger::load2()
{
Book b;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171750book.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
v5.clear();m5.clear();
i=0;
while(infile>>b)
{
v5.push_back(b);
m5.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i));
i++;
}
infile.close();
}
void Manger::save1()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171750stu.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return;
for(it4=v4.begin();it4!=v4.end();it4++)
{
outfile<<*it4;
outfile<<endl;
}
outfile.close();
}
void Manger::save2()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171750book.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return;
for(it5=v5.begin();it5!=v5.end();it5++)
{
outfile<<*it5;
outfile<<endl;
}
outfile.close();
}
void Manger::addUser(User u)
{
int x;
x=u.getId();
mit4=m4.find(x);
if(mit4!=m4.end())
{
cout<<"添加用户失败，该用户已存在！"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"添加用户成功！"<<endl;
int i;
v4.push_back(u);
i=v4.size();
m4.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i-1));
}
}
void Manger::addBook(Book b)
{
int x;
x=b.getId();
mit5=m5.find(x);
if(mit5!=m5.end())
{
cout<<"添加图书失败，该图书已存在！"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"添加图书成功！"<<endl;
int i;
v5.push_back(b);
i=v5.size();
m5.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i-1));
}
}
void Manger::displayU(int x)
{
mit4=m4.find(x);
v4[mit4->second].display();
}
void Manger::displayB(int x)
{
mit5=m5.find(x);
v5[mit5->second].display();
}
int main()
{
//时间类测试
/*
Date a(1999,4,27);
Date b(2000,4,27);
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<b<<endl;
if(a<b) cout<<"a小于b";
*/
//记录类测试
/*
Date t(1999,4,27);
Record r(20171750,1,t);
r.display();
r.setE();
r.setxj(1);
r.setsy(1);
r.display();
*/
//图书类测试
/*Date t1(2015,8,6);
Date t2(2018,6,7);
Book b(1,"呐喊","人民出版社",t1,10,0);
b.display();
Record r(201717,1,t2);
b.addRecord(r);
b.display();
//用户类测试
/*
User u(20171750,"朱宪栋","计算机3班");
u.display();
Date t(2018,6,7);
Record r(20171750,1,t);
u.addRecord(r);
u.display();
*/
//管理端测试
/*Manger m;*/
/*User u1(20171750,"朱宪栋","计算机3班");
User u2(20176666,"李明","计算机4班");//加用户
m.addUser(u1);
m.addUser(u2);*/
/*Date t1(2017,1,1);
Date t2(2014,5,1);
Book b1(1,"呐喊","人民出版社",t1,10,0);
Book b2(2,"狂人日记","人民出版社",t2,10,0); //加书
m.addBook(b1);
m.addBook(b2);*/
Client c(20171750);
Date t(2018,6,14);
c.borrow(1,t); //借书
c.back(1); //还书
}二.总结：
经过了三周的探索与尝试，通过对重载运算符和STL模板库的实际应用，完成了第一个面对设计对象的程序设计，当然在接下来的完善中，还需使用“继承”“多态”进行修改。总之，作为一个完善的图书馆管理系统，如今已经实现了完整的四个功能：增加用户，增加书籍，借书和还书以及相应的完整的数据记录与变化，可以说基本具备了一个图书馆管理系统应该具有的功能。
当然，在试验设计的过程中，出现了诸多问题。例如读入用户信息后无法进行操作，借书还书前后的图书数据没有变化，这些问题的出现大多都是对于重载的认知不够导致的，于是我参考了各类书籍，其中对我帮助最大的是C++ Premer Plus ，某些例子的使用使我找到了灵感。总之，解决问题的过程是辛苦的但也是快乐的，试验设计使我深深地体会到了这一点。
在接下来的学习中，有更多更深入的设计等待着我，最终的目的便是应用程序APP之类的，我相信通过自己的努力，在不久的将来会更加优秀。