概述
物理质量
- 使用Volley 需要Volley.jar(120k)，加上自己的封装最多140k。
- 使用OkHttp需要 okio.jar (80k), okhttp.jar(330k)这2个jar包，总大小差不多400k,加上自己的封装，差不多得410k。
Volley 的优点
- 非常适合进行数据量不大，但通信频繁的网络操作
- 可直接在主线程调用服务端并处理返回结果
- 可以取消请求，容易扩展，面向接口编程
- 网络请求线程NetworkDispatcher默认开启了4个，可以优化，通过手机CPU数量
- 通过使用标准的HTTP缓存机制保持磁盘和内存响应的一致
Volley 的缺点
- 使用的是httpclient、HttpURLConnection
- 6.0不支持httpclient了，如果想支持得添加org.apache.http.legacy.jar
- 对大文件下载 Volley的表现非常糟糕
- 只支持http请求
- 图片加载性能一般
对于这张图我们只需要知道：
- Volley 运行的过程中一共有三种线程，包括 UI 线程、Cache 调度线程和 NetWork 调度线程池
- 请求加入优先级队列，Cache 线程进行筛选，如果命中（hit）分发给 UI 线程
- 未命中（miss）交给 NetWork 调度线程池处理，取回后更新 Cache 并分发给 UI 线程
- 每次请求执行过程始于 UI 线程， 终于 UI 线程
RequestQueue封装了众多重要参数，重点有缓存队列，网络请求队列，cache，network，缓存调度，网络调度数组。
流程全部在图中。
- 当一个RequestQueue被成功申请后会开启一个CacheDispatcher和4个默认的NetworkDispatcher。
- CacheDispatcher缓存调度器最为第一层缓冲，开始工作后阻塞的从缓存序列mCacheQueue中取得请求；对于已经取消的请求，标记为跳过并结束这个请求；新的或者过期的请求，直接放入mNetworkQueue中由N个NetworkDispatcher进行处理；已获得缓存信息（网络应答）却没有过期的请求，由Request的parseNetworkResponse进行解析，从而确定此应答是否成功。然后将请求和应答交由Delivery分发者进行处理，如果需要更新缓存那么该请求还会被放入mNetworkQueue中。
- 将请求Request add到RequestQueue后对于不需要缓存的请求（需要额外设置，默认是需要缓存）直接丢入mNetworkQueue交给N个NetworkDispatcher处理；对于需要缓存的，新的请求加到mCacheQueue中给CacheDispatcher处理；需要缓存，但是缓存列表中已经存在了相同URL的请求，放在mWaitingQueue中做暂时处理，等待之前请求完毕后，再重新添加到mCacheQueue中。
- 网络请求调度器NetworkDispatcher作为网络请求真实发生的地方，对消息交给BasicNetwork进行处理，同样的，请求和结果都交由Delivery分发者进行处理。
- Delivery分发者实际上已经是对网络请求处理的最后一层了，在Delivery对请求处理之前，Request已经对网络应答进行过解析，此时应答成功与否已经设定；而后Delivery根据请求所获得的应答情况做不同处理；若应答成功，则触发deliverResponse方法，最终会触发开发者为Request设定的Listener；若应答失败，则触发deliverError方法，最终会触发开发者为Request设定的ErrorListener；处理完后，一个Request的生命周期就结束了，Delivery会调用Request的finish操作，将其从mRequestQueue中移除，与此同时，如果等待列表中存在相同URL的请求，则会将剩余的层级请求全部丢入mCacheQueue交由CacheDispatcher进行处理。
缓存类
Volley的缓存，主要是通过DiskBasedCache实现的。DiskBasedCache类，继承于Cache接口。DiskBasedCache保存CacheHeader，具体的数据并不会全部缓存到内存中（只有一个CacheHeader）。
在初始化时，会先把存在的cache（CacheHeader）保存进mEntries。
可以从get方法看出，先从mEntries找到CacheHeader，再去读文件，根据entry.toCacheEntry(data);构建出Entry类对象。
public class DiskBasedCache implements Cache {
/** Map of the Key, CacheHeader pairs */
private final Map<String, CacheHeader> mEntries =
new LinkedHashMap<String, CacheHeader>(16, .75f, true);
/** Total amount of space currently used by the cache in bytes. */
private long mTotalSize = 0;
/** The root directory to use for the cache. */
private final File mRootDirectory;
/** The maximum size of the cache in bytes. */
private final int mMaxCacheSizeInBytes;
......
public synchronized void initialize() {
//初始化，会读取缓存目录下的文件，全部放入mEntries中
...
File[] files = mRootDirectory.listFiles();
...
for (File file : files) {
BufferedInputStream fis = null;
try {
fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
CacheHeader entry = CacheHeader.readHeader(fis);
entry.size = file.length();
putEntry(entry.key, entry);//重点
} catch (IOException e) {
...
} finally {
...
}
}
}
@Override
public synchronized Entry get(String key) {
CacheHeader entry = mEntries.get(key);
// if the entry does not exist, return.
if (entry == null) {
return null;
}
File file = getFileForKey(key);
CountingInputStream cis = null;
try {
cis = new CountingInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
CacheHeader.readHeader(cis); // eat header //先读header
byte[] data = streamToBytes(cis, (int) (file.length() - cis.bytesRead));
return entry.toCacheEntry(data);//重点
} catch (IOException e) {
...
} finally {
...
}
}
static class CacheHeader{见下代码}
private static class CountingInputStream extends FilterInputStream {...}
}
//DiskBasedCache内部类，提出来分析 注意没有data信息
static class CacheHeader {
/** The size of the data identified by this CacheHeader. (This is not
* serialized to disk. */
public long size;
/** The key that identifies the cache entry. */
public String key;
/** ETag for cache coherence. */
public String etag;
/** Date of this response as reported by the server. */
public long serverDate;
/** The last modified date for the requested object. */
public long lastModified;
/** TTL for this record. */
public long ttl;
/** Soft TTL for this record. */
public long softTtl;
/** Headers from the response resulting in this cache entry. */
public Map<String, String> responseHeaders;
private CacheHeader() { }
public CacheHeader(String key, Entry entry) {
this.key = key;
this.size = entry.data.length;
this.etag = entry.etag;
this.serverDate = entry.serverDate;
this.lastModified = entry.lastModified;
this.ttl = entry.ttl;
this.softTtl = entry.softTtl;
this.responseHeaders = entry.responseHeaders;
}
public static CacheHeader readHeader(InputStream is) throws IOException{...}
public boolean writeHeader(OutputStream os){...}
public Entry toCacheEntry(byte[] data){
Entry e = new Entry();
e.data = data;
e.etag = etag;
e.serverDate = serverDate;
e.lastModified = lastModified;
e.ttl = ttl;
e.softTtl = softTtl;
e.responseHeaders = responseHeaders;
return e;
}
}
Cache接口及静态内部类Entry
public interface Cache {
public Entry get(String key);
public void put(String key, Entry entry);
public void initialize();
public void invalidate(String key, boolean fullExpire);
public void remove(String key);
public void clear();
public static class Entry {
/** The data returned from cache. */
public byte[] data;
/** ETag for cache coherency. */
public String etag;
/** Date of this response as reported by the server. */
public long serverDate;
/** The last modified date for the requested object. */
public long lastModified;
/** TTL for this record. */
public long ttl;
/** Soft TTL for this record. */
public long softTtl;
/** Immutable response headers as received from server; must be non-null. */
public Map<String, String> responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap();
/** True if the entry is expired. */
public boolean isExpired() {
return this.ttl < System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/** True if a refresh is needed from the original data source. */
public boolean refreshNeeded() {
return this.softTtl < System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
}有人说Volley的缓存替换策略是FIFO的，不是LRU。我看了下源码，似乎不是这样（如果我弄错了，希望各位指正）
FIFO 说法来源 Volley HTTP 缓存机制 手撕 Volley（二）
DiskBasedCache中的相关属性方法
private final Map<String, CacheHeader> mEntries =
new LinkedHashMap<String, CacheHeader>(16, .75f, true);
//重点，这个true是设置成access order， false是insertion order
/**
* Puts the entry with the specified key into the cache.
*/
@Override
public synchronized void put(String key, Entry entry) {
pruneIfNeeded(entry.data.length);
File file = getFileForKey(key);
try {
BufferedOutputStream fos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
CacheHeader e = new CacheHeader(key, entry);
boolean success = e.writeHeader(fos);
if (!success) {
fos.close();
VolleyLog.d("Failed to write header for %s", file.getAbsolutePath());
throw new IOException();
}
fos.write(entry.data);
fos.close();
putEntry(key, e);
return;
} catch (IOException e) {
}
boolean deleted = file.delete();
if (!deleted) {
VolleyLog.d("Could not clean up file %s", file.getAbsolutePath());
}
}
/**
* Prunes the cache to fit the amount of bytes specified.
* @param neededSpace The amount of bytes we are trying to fit into the cache.
*/
private void pruneIfNeeded(int neededSpace) {
if ((mTotalSize + neededSpace) < mMaxCacheSizeInBytes) {
return;
}
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Pruning old cache entries.");
}
long before = mTotalSize;
int prunedFiles = 0;
long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, CacheHeader>> iterator = mEntries.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
//从头开始删除，linkedhashmap又是access order ,所以是LRU
Map.Entry<String, CacheHeader> entry = iterator.next();
CacheHeader e = entry.getValue();
boolean deleted = getFileForKey(e.key).delete();
if (deleted) {
mTotalSize -= e.size;
} else {
VolleyLog.d("Could not delete cache entry for key=%s, filename=%s",
e.key, getFilenameForKey(e.key));
}
iterator.remove();
prunedFiles++;
if ((mTotalSize + neededSpace) < mMaxCacheSizeInBytes * HYSTERESIS_FACTOR) {
break;
}
}
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("pruned %d files, %d bytes, %d ms",
prunedFiles, (mTotalSize - before), SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTime);
}
}缓存添加
缓存的添加逻辑在NetworkDispatcher.java中展开
//NetworkDispatcher.java
public class NetworkDispatcher extends Thread {
/** The queue of requests to service. */
private final BlockingQueue<Request<?>> mQueue;
/** The network interface for processing requests. */
private final Network mNetwork;
/** The cache to write to. */
private final Cache mCache;
/** For posting responses and errors. */
private final ResponseDelivery mDelivery;
/** Used for telling us to die. */
private volatile boolean mQuit = false;
...
@Override
public void run() {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
while (true) {
long startTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
Request<?> request;
try {
// Take a request from the queue.
request = mQueue.take();
} catch ...
try {
request.addMarker("network-queue-take");
// If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
// network request.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
continue;
}
addTrafficStatsTag(request);
// Perform the network request.
NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);//发起请求
request.addMarker("network-http-complete");
// If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
// we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
request.finish("not-modified");
continue;
}
// Parse the response here on the worker thread.
Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);//转1 目的在于构建Cache.Entry
request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
// Write to cache if applicable.
// TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);//放入mCache中（cacheHeader），同时保存在磁盘中（这个方法在上文FIFO/LRU讨论有提及）
request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
}
// Post the response back.
request.markDelivered();
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} catch ...
}
}
//其他方法
}
//Request.java
//接 转1
public abstract class Request<T> implements Comparable<Request<T>> {
...
//在具体的Request类中实现，这里以JsonObjectRequest类为例，见下代码
abstract protected Response<T> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response);
...
}
//JsonObjectRequest.java 以JsonObjectRequest的实现为例
public class JsonObjectRequest extends JsonRequest<JSONObject> {
public JsonObjectRequest(int method, String url, JSONObject jsonRequest,
Listener<JSONObject> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, (jsonRequest == null) ? null : jsonRequest.toString(), listener,
errorListener);
}
...
//实现抽象方法
@Override
protected Response<JSONObject> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String jsonString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers, PROTOCOL_CHARSET));
// HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders() -> 完成response的header解析,构建成Cache.Entry（这是有数据的）
// Response.success() -> new Response<T>(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry);
return Response.success(new JSONObject(jsonString),
HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));//静态方法
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
} catch (JSONException je) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(je));
}
}
}
//HttpHeaderParser.java
public class HttpHeaderParser {
public static Cache.Entry parseCacheHeaders(NetworkResponse response) {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
Map<String, String> headers = response.headers;
long serverDate = 0;
long lastModified = 0;
long serverExpires = 0;
long softExpire = 0;
long finalExpire = 0;
long maxAge = 0;
long staleWhileRevalidate = 0;
boolean hasCacheControl = false;
boolean mustRevalidate = false;
String serverEtag = null;
String headerValue;
headerValue = headers.get("Date");
if (headerValue != null) {
serverDate = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
}
headerValue = headers.get("Cache-Control");
if (headerValue != null) {
hasCacheControl = true;
String[] tokens = headerValue.split(",");
for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
String token = tokens[i].trim();
if (token.equals("no-cache") || token.equals("no-store")) {
return null;
} else if (token.startsWith("max-age=")) {
try {
maxAge = Long.parseLong(token.substring(8));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
} else if (token.startsWith("stale-while-revalidate=")) {
try {
staleWhileRevalidate = Long.parseLong(token.substring(23));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
} else if (token.equals("must-revalidate") || token.equals("proxy-revalidate")) {
mustRevalidate = true;
}
}
}
headerValue = headers.get("Expires");
if (headerValue != null) {
serverExpires = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
}
headerValue = headers.get("Last-Modified");
if (headerValue != null) {
lastModified = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
}
serverEtag = headers.get("ETag");
// Cache-Control takes precedence over an Expires header, even if both exist and Expires
// is more restrictive.
if (hasCacheControl) {
softExpire = now + maxAge * 1000;
finalExpire = mustRevalidate
? softExpire
: softExpire + staleWhileRevalidate * 1000;
} else if (serverDate > 0 && serverExpires >= serverDate) {
// Default semantic for Expire header in HTTP specification is softExpire.
softExpire = now + (serverExpires - serverDate);
finalExpire = softExpire;
}
Cache.Entry entry = new Cache.Entry();
entry.data = response.data;
entry.etag = serverEtag;
entry.softTtl = softExpire;
entry.ttl = finalExpire;
entry.serverDate = serverDate;
entry.lastModified = lastModified;
entry.responseHeaders = headers;
return entry;
}
...
}Volley对于图片加载做了内存缓存的处理(ImageLoader)，详情见Volley图片加载功能