CString与char*、char[]、LPSTR、LPCTSTR、LPCWSTR等的转换

ATL宏介绍：
     A2BSTR   OLE2A       T2A       W2A 
     A2COLE   OLE2BSTR    T2BSTR    W2BSTR 
     A2CT     OLE2CA      T2CA      W2CA 
     A2CW     OLE2CT      T2COLE    W2COLE 
     A2OLE    OLE2CW      T2CW      W2CT 

     A2T      OLE2T       T2OLE     W2OLE 

A：ANSI 字符串，也就是 MBCS。 
W：OLE宽字符串，也就是 UNICODE。  
T：中间类型T。如果定义了 _UNICODE，则T表示W；如果定义了 _MBCS，则T表示A。
C：const 的缩写。
利用这些宏，可以快速的进行各种字符间的转换。使用前必须包含头文件，并且申明USER_CONVERSION。

使用 ATL 转换宏，由于不用释放临时空间，所以使用起来非常方便。但是考虑到栈空间的尺寸（VC 默认2M）。

如下是常用的几种转换实例：

// CstringConver.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "CstringConver.h"
#include "afxconv.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The one and only application object

CWinApp theApp;

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR* argv[], TCHAR* envp[])
{
	int nRetCode = 0;

	// initialize MFC and print and error on failure
	if (!AfxWinInit(::GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, ::GetCommandLine(), 0))
	{
		// TODO: change error code to suit your needs
		cerr << _T("Fatal Error: MFC initialization failed") << endl;
		nRetCode = 1;
	}
	else
	{
		// TODO: code your application's behavior here.

		//CString转换成char*
		CString csName;
		char *cpName;
		char *cpName1;
		csName = "XiaoMing";
		cpName = (LPSTR)(LPCSTR)csName;
		cpName1 = csName.GetBuffer(0);
		csName.ReleaseBuffer();
		cout << "CString转换成char*" << endl;
		cout << "csName = " << (LPCTSTR)csName << "; &csName = " << &csName << endl;
		cout << "*cpName = " << *cpName << "; cpName = " << cpName << endl;	
		cout << "*cpName1 = " << *cpName1 << "; cpName1 = " << cpName1 << endl;	
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
        
		//CString转换成char[]
		char carrHi[64];
		CString csHi;
	    csHi = "Hi,XiaoMing.";
		memset(carrHi,0,64);
		memcpy(carrHi,csHi,csHi.GetLength());
        cout << "CString转换成char[]" << endl;
		cout << "carrHi = " << carrHi << "; &carrHi = " << &carrHi << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;

		//CString转换成LPCTSTR，可以直接转换。
		LPCTSTR lpcStrHi;
		lpcStrHi = LPCTSTR(csHi);
		cout << "CString转换成LPCTSTR，可以直接转换。" << endl;
		cout << "lpcStrHi = " << lpcStrHi <<"; &lpcStrHi = " << &lpcStrHi << endl;
        cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
		
		//CString转换成LPSTR
		LPSTR lpstrHi;
		LPSTR lpstrHi1;
		lpstrHi = (LPSTR)(LPCSTR)csHi;
		lpstrHi1 = csHi.GetBuffer(0);
		csHi.ReleaseBuffer();
		cout << "CString转换成LPSTR" << endl;
		cout << "lpstrHi = " << lpstrHi << "; &lpstrHi = " << &lpstrHi << endl;
		cout << "lpstrHi1 = " << lpstrHi1 << "; &lpstrHi1 = " << &lpstrHi1 << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;

		//CString转换成LPWSTR
		LPWSTR lpwstrHi;
		lpwstrHi = csHi.AllocSysString();
		cout << "CString转换成LPWSTR" << endl;
		wcout << "lpwstrHi = " << lpwstrHi <<"; &lpwstrHi = " << &lpwstrHi << endl;
        cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
          
		//CString转换成LPCWSTR
        LPCWSTR lpcwstrHi;
		LPCWSTR lpcwstrHi1;
		lpcwstrHi = csHi.AllocSysString();
		USES_CONVERSION;
		lpcwstrHi1 = A2CW((LPCSTR)csHi);
		cout << "CString转换成LPCWSTR" << endl;
		wcout << "lpcwstrHi = " << lpcwstrHi <<"; &lpcwstrHi = " << &lpcwstrHi << endl;
		wcout << "lpcwstrHi1 = " << lpcwstrHi1 <<"; &lpcwstrHi1 = " << &lpcwstrHi1 << endl;
		cout << "====================================================" << endl;
        cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
		cout << "====================================================" << endl;


		//char*转换成CString
		char *cpHll = "Hello";
		//使用CString构造函数。CString可以传入LPCSTR、LPCWSTR、char*、unsigned char*、const unsigned char*等参数来构造CSting对象。
		CString csHll(cpHll); 
		CString csHll1;
        csHll1.Format("%s",cpHll);
        cout << "char*转换成CString" << endl;
		cout << "csHll = " << (LPCTSTR)csHll << "; &csHll = " << &csHll << endl;
		cout << "csHll1 = " << (LPCTSTR)csHll1 << "; &csHll1 = " << &csHll1 << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
		
		//char[]转换成CString
		char carrHello[64] = {"Hello,XiaoMing."};
		CString csHello;
		csHello.Format("%s",carrHello);
		cout << "char[]转换成CString" << endl;
		cout << "csHello = " << (LPCTSTR)csHello << "; &csHello = " << &csHello << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
		
		//LPCTSTR转换成CString
		LPCTSTR lpcstrWorld = _T("World");
        CString csWorld(lpcstrWorld);
		CString csWorld1;
		csWorld1.Format("%s",lpcstrWorld);
        cout << "LPCTSTR转换成CString" << endl;
		cout << "csWorld = " << (LPCTSTR)csWorld << "; &csWorld = " << &csWorld << endl;
		cout << "csWorld1 = " << (LPCTSTR)csWorld1 << "; &csWorld1 = " << &csWorld1 << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;

		//LPSTR转换成CString
		LPSTR lpstrWellcome = _T("Wellcome");
        CString csWellcome(lpstrWellcome);
		CString csWellcome1;
		csWellcome1.Format("%s",lpstrWellcome);
        cout << "LPSTR转换成CString" << endl;
		cout << "csWellcome = " << (LPCTSTR)csWellcome << "; &csWellcome = " << &csWellcome << endl;
		cout << "csWellcome1 = " << (LPCTSTR)csWellcome1 << "; &csWellcome1 = " << &csWellcome1 << endl;
		cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
		
	}

	return nRetCode;
}