题目 基本指令系统的设计与实现
主要内容、基本要求、主要参考资料等：
主要内容：
独立设计一套包含输入输出类、数据传递类、算数运算类、控制转移类的简单指令系统，设计相应的微指令系统对指令系统中的指令进行解析，用指令编写一个有一定实际意义的程序，并在组成原理实验箱上验证设计内容。
基本要求：
1.完成设计方案，充分论证设计方案的可行性，设计方案应该包括指令格式说明、微指令流程图、微指令编码表、程序清单。
2. 有详细的实验步骤和具体的接线图。
3. 认真进行实验，验证设计方案的正确性。
4. 对实验过程和结果进行认真分析总结，写出课程设计报告。
1、基本模型机
1.1 模型机的结构
1.2 模型机的寻址方式
立即数寻址:参与运算的数据为指令的操作数。例如“SUB A，#10H”是从累加器A中减去立即数10H，结果存入累加器A。
寄存器寻址:参与运算的数据在R0-R3的寄存器中，例如“ADDA，R0”指令是将寄存器RO的值加上累加器A的值，再存入累加器A中。
寄存器间接寻址:参与运算的数据在存储器EM中，数据的地址在寄存器R0-R3中，如“MOV A，@R1"指令是将寄存器R1的值做为地址，把存储器EM中该地址的内容送入累加器A中。
存储器直接寻址:参与运算的数据在存储器EM中，数据的地址为指令的操作数。例
如“AND A, 40H”指令是将存储器EM中40H单元的数据与累加器A的值做逻辑与运算，结果存入累加器A。
1.3模型机指令集
汇编指令 |
机器码1 |
机器码2 |
注释 |
IN Ri A,N |
04H |
|
从IN 读入N存入Ri和A |
MOV Ri W, #N |
09H |
N |
将直接数N存入Ri和A |
MOV Ri ST, #N |
0FH |
N |
将直接数N存入Ri和ST |
JC A W,#N |
80H |
N |
A<W 则跳转到N地址 |
JZ A W,#N |
A4H |
N |
A=W 则跳转到N地址 |
ZERO Ri |
12H |
将Ri置零 |
|
MOV A ,Ri |
15H |
将Ri中数送至A |
|
ADDJC Ri A,#N |
C2H |
N |
将Ri加上A再送回Ri和A, 溢出则跳转至N |
JC A Ri, #N |
90H |
N |
A<Ri ，则跳转至N地址 |
ADD Ri , ST |
1DH |
|
Ri自增 ST ，并存入Ri和A |
OUT #N |
20H |
N |
从OUT输出 N |
JMP #N |
B8H |
N |
无条件跳转到N地址 |
|
|
2、设计内容
2.1 源程序
程序功能描述： 从IN输入一个数（小于等于255），判断其是否是素数。
指令： (一下指令顺序执行)
汇编指令 |
机器码1 |
机器码2 |
指令说明 |
IN R0 A,N |
04H |
|
从IN 读入N存入R0和A |
MOV R1 W, #02H |
09H |
02H |
将直接数02H存入R1和A |
MOV R3 ST, #01H |
0FH |
01H |
将直接数01H存入R3和ST |
JC A W,#18H |
80H |
18H |
A<W 则跳转到#18H地址 |
JZ A W,#14H |
A4H |
14H |
A=W 则跳转到#14H地址 |
ZERO R2 |
12H |
将R2置零 |
|
MOV A ,R1 |
15H |
将R1中数送至A |
|
ADDJC R2 A,#11H |
C2H |
11H |
将R2加上A再送回R2和A, 溢出则跳转至11HS |
JC A R0, #0AH |
90H |
0AH |
A<R0 ，则跳转至#0AH地址 |
JZ A W,#18H |
A4H |
18H |
A=W 则跳转到#18H地址 |
ADD R1,ST |
1DH |
|
Ri自增 ST ,并存入R1和A |
JC A R0, #09H |
90H |
09H |
A<R0 ，则跳转至#09H地址 |
OUT #01H |
20H |
01H |
从OUT输出 01H |
JMP #14H |
B8H |
14H |
无条件跳转到14H地址 |
OUT #00H |
20H |
00H |
从OUT输出 00H |
JMP #18H |
B8H |
18H |
无条件跳转到18H地址 |
2.2 内存数据
内存地址 |
数据 |
内存地址 |
数据 |
00H |
04H |
0EH |
0AH |
01H |
09H |
0FH |
A4H |
02H |
02H |
10H |
18H |
03H |
0FH |
11H |
1DH |
04H |
01H |
12H |
90H |
05H |
80H |
13H |
09H |
06H |
18H |
14H |
20H |
07H |
A4H |
15H |
01H |
08H |
14H |
16H |
B8H |
09H |
12H |
17H |
14H |
0AH |
15H |
18H |
20H |
0BH |
C2H |
19H |
00H |
0CH |
11H |
1AH |
B8H |
0DH |
90H |
1BH |
18H |
2.5 微指令表
微指令表参见表2
3、设计结果
1.变量含义：
R0输入数据，判断R0是否是素数。
R1 循环变量，从02H开始自增。R0循环除以R1.
R2 R1的累加和，中间变量，和R0比较大小。
R3 常数01H
ST 常数01H
2.首先执行寄存器的初始化，对经常使用的几个变量进行初始化
3.主体程序：
特殊值：R0小于2，输出00H。R0等于2，输出01H.
判断是否能除尽：将R2循环加上R1，若大于或则等于R0则跳出循环，此时再判断R2是否等于R0，若等于说明R0除以R1能除尽，否则不能除尽。R2循环加R1时，若出现溢出也说明不能除尽直接执行，R1=R1+1.
判定素数：输入R0除以R1，除不尽，则R1自增，通过跳转重复执行以上步骤到 R1=R0（此时R0没有除以R1）.则顺序执行输出 01H（是素数）。若判断是否能除尽时出现R0=R2，则说明R0不是素数，跳转输出00H.
4. 验证：
R0 = 00H OUT = 00H 否
R0 = 01H OUT = 00H 否
R0 = 02H OUT = 01H 是
R0 = 07H OUT = 01H 是
R0 = 06H OUT = 00H 否
R0 = FEH OUT = 00H 否
R0 = FFH OUT = 00H 否
以上数据都通过测试。
表2 微指令表
助记符 |
微地址 |
微程序 |
X R D |
E M W R |
E M R D |
P C O E |
E M E N |
I R E N |
E I N T |
E L P |
M A R E N |
M A R O E |
O U T E N |
S T E N |
R R D |
R W R |
C N |
F E N |
X2 |
X1 |
X0 |
W E N |
A E N |
S2 |
S1 |
S0 |
后续 微地址 |
操作说明 |
取指 |
00 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
IN R0 A,N |
04 |
FFFB17 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
N->IN->R0,A |
|
05 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
MOV R1 W,#02H |
08 |
C7FBEF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->R1,W |
|
09 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
MOV R3 ST,#01H |
0C |
C7EBFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->R3,ST |
|
0D |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JC A W,#18H |
80 |
FFFEF9 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W -> FEN |
|
81 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
82 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JZ A W,#14H |
A4 |
FFFEF9 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W -> FEN |
|
A5 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JZ),PC+1 |
|
A6 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
ZERO R2 |
10 |
FFFF8F |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
A->ALU->W |
|
11 |
FFFB99 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W->D->R |
|
12 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
MOV A,R1 |
14 |
FFF7F7 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
R1->A |
|
15 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
ADD JC R2 ,#11H |
C0 |
FFF7EF |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
R2->W |
|
C1 |
FFFA90 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
A+W->R2,A |
|
C2 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
C3 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JC A R0,#0AH |
90 |
FFF7EF |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
R0->W |
|
91 |
FFFEF9 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W->FEN |
|
92 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
93 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JZ A W,#18H |
A4 |
FFFE99 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W->JZ |
|
A5 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
A6 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
ADD R1,ST |
1C |
FFF7EF |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
R1->A |
|
1D |
FFFF4F |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
ST->W |
|
1E |
FFFB90 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
A+W->R1,A |
|
1F |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JC A R0,#09H |
90 |
FFF7EF |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
R0->W |
|
91 |
FFFEF9 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
+1 |
A-W->FEN |
|
92 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
93 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
OUT #01H |
20 |
C7DFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->OUT |
|
21 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JMP #14H |
B8 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
B9 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
OUT #00H |
20 |
C7DFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->OUT |
|
21 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |
JMP #18H |
B8 |
C6FFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
PC->EM->PC (JC),PC+1 |
|
B9 |
CBFFFF |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
P1 |
PC->EM->IR，PC+1 |