在Linux下安装完matlab后，会在/usr/local/bin/下生成matlab文件，可以使用matlab命令。
在命令行下执行：
$ matlab -help
可以得到帮助文件：
Usage: matlab [-h|-help] | [-n | -e]
[-arch | v=variant | v=arch/variant]
[-c licensefile] [-display Xdisplay | -nodisplay]
[-nosplash] [-mwvisual visualid] [-debug] [-softwareopengl]
[-desktop | -nodesktop | -nojvm]
[-r MATLAB_command] [-logfile log]
[-Ddebugger [options]]
-h|-help - Display arguments.
-n - Display final environment variables,
arguments, and other diagnostic
information. MATLAB is not run.
-e - Display ALL the environment variables and
their values to standard output. MATLAB
is not run. If the exit status is not
0 on return then the variables and values
may not be correct.
-arch - Start MATLAB assuming architecture arch.
v=variant - Start the version of MATLAB found
in bin/glnxa64/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
v=arch/variant - Start the version of MATLAB found
in bin/arch/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
-c licensefile - Set location of the license file that MATLAB
should use. It can have the form port@host or
be a colon separated list of license files.
The LM_LICENSE_FILE and MLM_LICENSE_FILE
environment variables will be ignored.
-display Xdisplay - Send X commands to X server display, Xdisplay.
-nodisplay - Do not display any X commands. The MATLAB
desktop will not be started. However, unless
-nojvm is also provided the Java virtual machine
will be started.
-nosplash - Do not display the splash screen during startup.
-mwvisual visualid - The default X visual to use for figure windows.
-debug - Provide debugging information especially for X
based problems.
-desktop - Allow the MATLAB desktop to be started by a
process without a controlling terminal. This is
usually a required command line argument when
attempting to start MATLAB from a window manager
menu or desktop icon.
-nodesktop - Do not start the MATLAB desktop. Use the current
terminal for commands. The Java virtual machine
will be started.
-singleCompThread - Limit MATLAB to a single computational thread.
By default, MATLAB makes use of the multithreading
capabilities of the computer on which it is running.
-nojvm - Shut off all Java support by not starting the
Java virtual machine. In particular the MATLAB
desktop will not be started.
-jdb [port] - Enable remote Java debugging on port (default 4444)
-r MATLAB_command - Start MATLAB and execute the MATLAB_command.
-logfile log - Make a copy of any output to the command window
in file log. This includes all crash reports.
-Ddebugger [options] - Start debugger to debug MATLAB.
-nouserjavapath - Ignore custom javaclasspath.txt and javalibrarypath.txt files.
可以看到与图形界面相关的几个参数是：nodisplay, nosplash, nodesktop, nojvm. 它们分别代表什么含义呢？
- nodisplay 不显示任何X命令(X server是Linux下的图形引擎，参考：X Window System)。Matlab桌面环境不会启动，但是会启动Java virtual machine除非使用了nojvm参数；
- nosplash 程序启动时不显示启动画面(版权页)；
- nodesktop 不启动桌面环境，在当前终端中执行命令，但是会启动JVM；
- nojvm 关闭java支持，不启动JVM，特别的，desktop也不会启动。
因为Matlab的图形环境依赖JVM，如果不启动JVM，无法执行任何和图形界面相关的命令。若不执行任何X commands，则无法执行imshow()这些函数。所以，我们如果需要在命令行下执行matlab程序，最好只添加：nodesktop nosplash两个参数。
（一）进入m文件所在目录后，运行
$ matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -r matlabfile
只用文件名matlabfile，不能添加.m
若有实现函数参数传入调用，则是如下：
$ matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -r matlabfile(parameters)
（二）也可以在文件.bashrc中添加：
$ vim ~/.bashrc
alias mrun="matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log -r"
其中，logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log 将log文件输出在以程序执行时间为文件名的log文件下。r参数表示运行matlab命令。之后执行m文件只需运行：
$ mrun matlabfile
若有实现函数参数传入调用，则是如下：
$ mrun matlabfile(parameters)