RabbitMQ 实例

1. 简单模式

1.1 图示

从图上看，和JDK本身一样，生产者往队列添加数据，消费者从队列拿数据，如果业务场景确实这么简单，还可以使用redis的集合来代替，减少整个系统的复杂度，系统越简单问题越少

1.2 测试代码

public class RabbitMQ {
​
    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMQ.class);
​
    private ConnectionFactory factory;
​
    // 初始化连接工厂
    @Before
    public void init() {
        factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // 设置相关参数
        factory.setHost("192.168.245.128");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/jt");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("12340101");
    }
​
    @Test
    public void simpleSend() throws Exception {
        // 1.获取连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        // 2.从连接获取信道
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        // 3.利用channel声明一个队列
        /* 
         queue 表示声明的queue对列的名字
         durable 表示是否持久化
         exclusive 表示当前声明的queue是否被当前信道独占
            true：当前连接创建的任何channel都可以连接该queue
            false：只有当前channel可以连接该queue
         autoDelete Boolean类型:在最后连接使用完成后,是否删除队列,false
         arguments 其他声明参数封装到map中传递给mq
         */
        channel.queueDeclare("simple", false, false, false, null);
        
        // 4.发送消息
        /*
        exchange  交换机名称,简单模式使用默认交换，该值设置为""
        routingkey 当前的消息绑定的routingkey,简单模式下,与队列同名即可
        props  消息的属性字段对象,例如BasicProperties，可以设置一个deliveryMode的值0 持久化,1 表示不持久化,durable配合使用
        body  消息字符串的byte数组
        */
        channel.basicPublish("", "simple", null, "简单模式的消息发送".getBytes());
    }
    
    @Test
    public void simpleReciever() throws Exception {
        // 1.获取连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        // 2.获取信道
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        // 3.绑定队列
        channel.queueDeclare("simple", false, false, false, null);
        // 4.创建一个消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        // 5.绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("simple", consumer);       
        // 6.获取消息
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    }
​
}

 

2. 工作模式

2.1 图示

一个队列由多个消费者共享，如果消费者处理速度落后于生产者，可以不断扩充消费，提高消息的处理能力

2.2 测试代码

@Test
    public void workSender() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);
        
        for(int i=0;i<100;i++) {
            channel.basicPublish("", "work", null, ("工作模式发送的第 ("+i+") 个消息").getBytes());
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void workReceiver_a() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);
        
        channel.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //其中第二参数表示消费者接收消息后是否自动返回回执
        channel.basicConsume("work", false, consumer);
        
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());
            logger.info(msg);
            Thread.sleep(50);
            //手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void workReceiver_b() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);
        
        channel.basicQos(1);
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //其中第二参数表示消费者接收消息后是否自动返回回执
        channel.basicConsume("work", false, consumer);
        
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());
            logger.info(msg);
            Thread.sleep(100);
            //手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }

 

3. 订阅发布模式

3.1 图示

生产者将消息发送交换机，交换机在将消息发给N个队列，消费者连到响应队列取消息即可，此功能比较适合将某单一系统的简单业务数据消息广播给所有接口

3.2 测试代码

@Test
    public void fanoutSender() throws Exception {
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
​
        // 创建交换机
        /*
         *  参数：
         *      Exchange: 自定义交换机名称，接受端声明交换机的名字需和它保持一致
         *      type:     交换机类型，取值范围(fanout(订阅/发布),direct(路由模式),topic(主题))
         */
        channel.exchangeDeclare("fanoutEx", "fanout");
        // 发送消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            channel.basicPublish("fanoutEx", "", null, ("订阅/发布模式发送的第 （" + i + "） 个消息").getBytes());
        }
    }
​
    @Test
    public void fanoutReceiver() throws Exception {
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        
        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare("fanout", false, false, false, null);
        
        //创建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("fanoutEx", "fanout");
        
        //绑定队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind("fanout", "fanoutEx", "");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("fanout", consumer);
        //取数据
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            logger.info(new String(delivery.getBody()));
            // 手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }

4. 路由模式

4.1 图示

4.2 测试代码

@Test
    public void routingSender() throws Exception {
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
​
        // 创建交换机
        /*
         *  参数：
         *      Exchange: 自定义交换机名称，接受端声明交换机的名字需和它保持一致
         *      type:     交换机类型，取值范围(fanout(订阅/发布),direct(路由模式),topic(主题))
         */
        channel.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");
        // 发送消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            channel.basicPublish("directEx", "receiver_b", null, ("路由模式发送的第 （" + i + "） 个消息").getBytes());
        }
    }
​
    @Test
    public void routingReceiver_a() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        
        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare("direct_a", false, false, false, null);
        
        //创建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");
        
        //绑定队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind("direct_a", "directEx", "receiver_a");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("direct_a", consumer);
        //取数据
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            logger.info(new String(delivery.getBody()));
            // 手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void routingReceiver_b() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        
        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare("direct_b", false, false, false, null);
        
        //创建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");
        
        //绑定队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind("direct_b", "directEx", "receiver_b");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("direct_b", consumer);
        //取数据
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            logger.info(new String(delivery.getBody()));
            // 手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }

两个消费者，可以更改生产者的routingKey观察消费者获取数据的变化。从观察结果可以看到，生产者的routingKey和消费者指定的routingKey完全一致，消费者才能拿到消息

5. 主题模式

5.1 图示

5.2 测试代码

@Test
    public void topicSender() throws Exception {
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
​
        // 创建交换机
        /*
         *  参数：
         *      Exchange: 自定义交换机名称，接受端声明交换机的名字需和它保持一致
         *      type:     交换机类型，取值范围(fanout(订阅/发布),direct(路由模式),topic(主题))
         */
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");
        // 发送消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            channel.basicPublish("topicEx", "acct.save", null, ("主题模式发送的第 （" + i + "） 个消息").getBytes());
        }
    }
​
    @Test
    public void topicReceiver_a() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        
        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare("topic_a", false, false, false, null);
        
        //创建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");
        
        //绑定队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind("topic_a", "topicEx", "acct.save");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("topic_a", consumer);
        //取数据
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            logger.info(new String(delivery.getBody()));
            // 手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void topicReceiver_b() throws Exception{
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        
        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare("topic_b", false, false, false, null);
        
        //创建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");
        
        //绑定队列和交换机
        //channel.queueBind("topic_b", "topicEx", "acct.update");
        channel.queueBind("topic_b", "topicEx", "acct.*");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //绑定消费者和队列
        channel.basicConsume("topic_b", consumer);
        //取数据
        while(true) {
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            logger.info(new String(delivery.getBody()));
            // 手动发送回执
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }

主题模式从使用上看，就是支持ANT，用*代表一个词，#代表多个词，否则就是精确匹配，感觉路由模式就是特殊的主题模式(没有使用ANT的通配符)，具体原理现在还没去研究，先用起来再说

6. SpringBoot整合

6.1 测试代码

application.properties中新增的配置项

spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.245.128
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=acct
spring.rabbitmq.password=acct
spring.rabbitmq.virtualHost=/rbAcct
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true

Java代码

RabbitConfigBean:创建交换机、队列、绑定队列与交换机、指定路由值

TestController:模拟生产者发送数据

RabbitClient:模拟消费者拿数据

package com.jv.rabbitmq.config;
​
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
​
​
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfigBean {
    //整合rabbitmq的配置,以路由模式为例
    //1声明direct类型的交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange defaultExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange("testEx");
    }
    //2声明队列
    @Bean
    public Queue queue01(){
        return new Queue("testQueue1", true);
    }
    //3 绑定交换机与队列的关系,并且指定路由key
    @Bean
    public Binding binding01(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(defaultExchange()).
        with("hello1");
    }
​
    @Bean
    public Queue queue02(){
        return new Queue("testQueue2", true);
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding binding02(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue02()).to(defaultExchange()).
        with("hello2");
    }
}

package com.jv.rabbitmq.controller;
​
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
​
@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate template;
    
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        /*
         * 在实际开发中，应该把RabbitTemplate注入到Service中，将写数据库等耗时的操作接队列的消费者，提高前台响应速度
         * 
         * 当然还需要考虑到业务场景，如果出现临界，数据半天没有入库，其他地方查不到会不会导致投诉等
         */
        template.convertAndSend("testEx", "hello1", "梅西生了三个男娃儿，巴萨欧冠出局，曼联也出局，靠");
        
        template.convertAndSend("testEx", "hello2", "C罗进球数后来居上，皇马在欧冠差点被尤文翻盘，悬啊");
        
        return "hello world!";
    }
}

package com.jv.rabbitmq.client;
​
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RabbitClient {
    @RabbitListener(queues="testQueue1")
    public void process01(String msg) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("接收到的消息是:"+msg);
        
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues="testQueue2")
    public void process02(String msg){
        System.out.println("接收到的消息是:"+msg);
    }
}

SpringBoot用起来确实很爽，redis\httpclient等第三方工具都进行了封装，只需要配置相关属性，在你的Controller和Service注入特定对象即可操作数据了