根目录 “/”：Linux 系统中最高层的目录
这个就是根目录
用 / 表示根目录
bin 目录：存放可执行文件
[root@sch01ar bin]# ls [ mc-wait-for-name a2p md5sum ab mdel abrt-action-analyze-backtrace mdeltree abrt-action-analyze-c mdir abrt-action-analyze-ccpp-local mdu abrt-action-analyze-core mergerepo abrt-action-analyze-oops mesg abrt-action-analyze-python metacity abrt-action-analyze-vmcore metacity-message abrt-action-analyze-vulnerability mformat abrt-action-analyze-xorg minfo abrt-action-check-oops-for-hw-error mixartloader abrt-action-generate-backtrace mkafmmap abrt-action-generate-core-backtrace mkdir abrt-action-install-debuginfo mkfifo abrt-action-list-dsos mkfontdir abrt-action-notify mkfontscale abrt-action-perform-ccpp-analysis mkhybrid abrt-action-save-kernel-data mkinitrd abrt-action-save-package-data mkisofs abrt-action-trim-files mkmanifest abrt-applet mknod abrt-cli mkrfc2734 abrt-dump-oops mktemp abrt-dump-xorg mlabel abrt-handle-upload mmcli abrt-merge-pstoreoops mmc-tool abrt-retrace-client mmd abrt-watch-log mmount abs2rel mmove ac mobj_dump aconnect modifyrepo addr2line modutil afs5log more alias mount alsabat mountpoint alsa-delay mousetweaks alsaloop mpartition alsamixer mpls_dump alsatplg mpris-proxy alsaucm mpstat alsaunmute mrd amidi mren amixer msgattrib amuFormat.sh msgcat anaconda-cleanup msgcmp anaconda-disable-nm-ibft-plugin msgcomm analog msgconv aplay msgen aplaymidi msgexec appdata-validate msgfilter applydeltarpm msgfmt appstream-util msggrep apr-1-config msghack apropos msginit apu-1-config msgmerge apxs msgunfmt ar msguniq arch mshortname arecord mshowfat arecordmidi mtools as mtoolstest aseqdump mtype aseqnet mutter aserver mv at mxtar atq mzip atrm nail attr namei audit2allow nano audit2why nautilus aulast nautilus-autorun-software aulastlog nautilus-connect-server ausyscall nautilus-sendto auvirt nc awk ncat baobab ndptool base64 needs-restarting basename nenscript bash neqn bashbug netaddr bashbug-64 netstat batch nettle-hash bc nettle-lfib-stream bccmd newaliases bdftopcf newaliases.postfix bdftruncate newgrp bd_info nf-ct-add bdsplice nf-ct-list bg nf-exp-add blkiomon nf-exp-delete blkparse nf-exp-list blkrawverify nf-log blktrace nf-monitor bluemoon nf-queue bluetoothctl nfs4_editfacl bluetooth-sendto nfs4_getfacl bno_plot.py nfs4_setfacl bond2team nfsiostat-sysstat bootctl ngettext brltty nice brltty-config nisdomainname brltty-ctb nl brltty-install nl-addr-add brltty-trtxt nl-addr-delete brltty-ttb nl-addr-list btmon nl-class-add btrace nl-class-delete btrecord nl-classid-lookup btreplay nl-class-list btt nl-cls-add build-classpath nl-cls-delete build-classpath-directory nl-cls-list build-jar-repository nl-fib-lookup bunzip2 nl-link-enslave busctl nl-link-ifindex2name bzcat nl-link-list bzcmp nl-link-name2ifindex bzdiff nl-link-release bzgrep nl-link-set bzip2 nl-link-stats bzip2recover nl-list-caches bzless nl-list-sockets bzmore nl-monitor c2ph nl-neigh-add c89 nl-neigh-delete c99 nl-neigh-list cairo-sphinx nl-neightbl-list cal nl-pktloc-lookup ca-legacy nl-qdisc-add calibrate_ppa nl-qdisc-delete canberra-boot nl-qdisc-list canberra-gtk-play nl-route-add cancel nl-route-delete cancel.cups nl-route-get captoinfo nl-route-list caribou-preferences nl-rule-list cat nl-tctree-list catchsegv nl-util-addr catman nm cc nmblookup cd nmcli cd-create-profile nm-connection-editor cdda-player nm-online cd-drive nmtui cd-fix-profile nmtui-connect cd-iccdump nmtui-edit cd-info nmtui-hostname cd-it8 nohup cd-paranoia notify-send cd-read nproc cdrecord nroff celtdec051 nsenter celtenc051 nslookup centrino-decode nsupdate certmaster-getcert ntpstat certtool numad certutil numfmt c++filt objcopy cgclassify objdump cgcreate ocsptool cgdelete od cgexec oddjob_request cgget oldfind cgset oLschema2ldif cgsnapshot on_ac_power chacl oocalc chage oodraw chardetect ooffice charmap ooimpress chattr ooviewdoc chcat oowriter chcon open check-binary-files openoffice.org checkisomd5 openssl checkmodule openvt checkpolicy orbd checksctp orca cheese orc-bugreport chfn osinfo-db-validate chgrp osinfo-detect chmod osinfo-install-script chown osinfo-query chronyc os-prober chrt over chsh p11-kit chvt p11tool cifscreds pacat cifsdd pack200 cifsiostat package-cleanup ciptool pacmd cksum pactl clean-binary-files padsp clear pamon clibrary panelctl clibrary2 pango-querymodules-64 clpi_dump pango-view cmp paplay cmsutil paps col parec colcrt parecord colormgr passwd colrm paste column pasuspender combinedeltarpm patch comm pathchk command pax11publish compress pbm2ppa connection_recovery pbmtpg consolehelper pdf2dsc coredumpctl pdf2ps coverage pdfdetach coverage2 pdffonts coverage-2.7 pdfimages cp pdfinfo cpanm pdfseparate cpio pdftocairo cpp pdftohtml cpupower pdftoppm crash pdftops create-jar-links pdftotext createrepo pdfunite crlutil peekfd crontab perl crywrap perl5.16.3 csh perlbug csplit perldoc csslint-0.6 perlthanks cups-calibrate pf2afm cupstestdsc pfbtopfa cupstestppd pftp curl pgawk cut pgrep cvt pic danetool piconv date pidstat db_archive pinentry db_checkpoint pinentry-curses db_deadlock pinentry-gtk db_dump pinentry-gtk-2 db_dump185 pinfo db_hotbackup ping db_load ping6 db_log_verify pinky db_printlog pitchplay db_recover pk12util db_replicate pkaction db_stat pkcheck db_tuner pkcon db_upgrade pkcs1-conv dbus-binding-tool pkexec dbus-cleanup-sockets pkg-config dbus-daemon pkill dbus-launch pkla-admin-identities dbus-monitor pkla-check-authorization dbus-send pkmon dbus-uuidgen pkttyagent db_verify pl2pm dbwrap_tool play dc pldd dconf plistutil dd plistutil-1.10 deallocvt plymouth debuginfo-install pmap desktop-file-edit pm-is-supported desktop-file-install pnm2ppa desktop-file-validate pod2html detect_ppa pod2man devdump pod2text df pod2usage dgawk policyeditor.itweb diff policytool diff3 post-grohtml diff-jars powernow-k8-decode diffpp ppdc dig ppdhtml dir ppdi dircolors ppdmerge dirname ppdpo dmesg pphs dnsdomainname pr domainname preconv dracut pre-grohtml drill printafm du printenv dumpiso printf dumpkeys prlimit dvcont prtstat dvd-ram-control ps dvdrecord ps2ascii dvd+rw-booktype ps2epsi dvd+rw-format ps2pdf dvd+rw-mediainfo ps2pdf12 dvipdf ps2pdf13 dwp ps2pdf14 easy_install ps2pdfwr easy_install-2.7 ps2ps echo ps2ps2 ed psed edid-decode psfaddtable egrep psfgettable eject psfstriptable elfedit psfxtable empathy psktool empathy-accounts pstack empathy-debugger pstree enchant pstree.x11 enchant-lsmod pstruct enscript ptx env pulseaudio envsubst purple-client-example eog purple-remote eps2eps purple-send eqn purple-send-async escputil purple-url-handler espeak pwd eu-addr2line pwdx eu-ar pwmake eu-elfcmp pwscore eu-elfcompress pydoc eu-elflint pygtk-demo eu-findtextrel pyinotify eu-make-debug-archive python eu-nm python2 eu-objdump python2.7 eu-ranlib qemu-ga eu-readelf qemu-img eu-size qemu-io eu-stack qemu-nbd eu-strings qmicli eu-strip qmi-network eu-unstrip quota evince quotasync evince-previewer ranlib evince-thumbnailer rapper ex raw exempi rb expand rctest expr rdate factor rdfproc fallocate read false readcd fc readelf fc-cache readlink fc-cat readmult fc-list readom fc-match realpath fc-pattern rebuild-jar-repository fc-query rec fc-scan recode-sr-latin fc-validate red festival redland-db-upgrade festival_client regdiff festival_server regpatch festival_server_control regshell fg regtree fgconsole rename fgrep renice file repoclosure file-roller repodiff find repo-graph find2perl repomanage find-jar repoquery findmnt repo-rss find-repos-of-install report-cli fipscheck reporter-bugzilla fipshmac reporter-mailx firefox reporter-mantisbt firewall-cmd reporter-rhtsupport firewall-config reporter-upload firewall-offline-cmd reporter-ureport flite report-gtk flite_time reposync flock repotrack fmt reset fold resizecons font2c rev fonttosfnt rfcomm fprintd-delete rhino fprintd-enroll rm fprintd-list rmail fprintd-verify rmail.postfix free rmdir fros rmid ftp rmiregistry funzip rnano fusermount rngtest fusermount-glusterfs roqet gapplication rpcclient gatttool rpcgen gawk rpm gcalccmd rpm2cpio gcc rpmdb gcc-ar rpmdumpheader gcc-nm rpmkeys gcc-ranlib rpmquery gcm-calibrate rpmverify gcm-import rsync gcm-inspect rsyslog-recover-qi.pl gcm-picker runcon gcm-viewer run-parts gconf-merge-tree rvi gconftool-2 rview gcore rvim gcov rx gcr-viewer rz gdb s2p gdb-add-index sadf gdbus samba-regedit gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64 sandbox gdmflexiserver sane-find-scanner gdm-screenshot sar gedit sasl2-sample-client gencat sasl2-sample-server genisoimage satyr genl-ctrl-list saytime geoiplookup sb geoiplookup6 sbcdec geoipupdate sbcenc geqn sbcinfo getcert scanimage getcifsacl scl getconf scl_enabled getent scl_source getfacl scp getfattr scp-dbus-service getkeycodes script getopt scriptreplay getopts sctp_darn gettext sctp_status gettext.sh sctp_test ghostscript sdiff gio-querymodules-64 sdp_long_message git sdp_run_test git-receive-pack sdptool git-shell seahorse git-upload-archive sealert git-upload-pack seapplet gjs secon gjs-console secret-tool gkbd-keyboard-display sed glib-compile-schemas sedismod glxgears sedispol glxinfo selfsign-getcert glxinfo64 semodule_package gmake sendiso gneqn seq gnome-abrt servertool gnome-boxes sessreg gnome-calculator setarch gnome-character-map setcifsacl gnome-clocks setfacl gnome-contacts setfattr gnome-control-center setfont gnome-dictionary setkeycodes gnome-disk-image-mounter setleds gnome-disks setmetamode gnome-documents setpriv gnome-font-viewer setserial gnome-help setsid gnome-keyring setterm gnome-keyring-3 setup gnome-keyring-daemon setup-nsssysinit gnome-screenshot setup-nsssysinit.sh gnome-session setvtrgb gnome-session-custom-session setxkbmap gnome-session-inhibit sexp-conv gnome-session-properties sftp gnome-session-quit sg gnome-session-selector sh gnome-shell sha1sum gnome-shell-extension-prefs sha224sum gnome-shell-extension-tool sha256sum gnome-shell-perf-tool sha384sum gnome-software sha512sum gnome-system-log sharesec gnome-system-monitor show-changed-rco gnome-terminal showconsolefont gnome-text-editor show-installed gnome-thumbnail-font showkey gnome-tweak-tool showrgb gnome-weather shred gnroff shuf gnutls-cli signtool gnutls-cli-debug signver gnutls-serv simc_lsmplugin gpasswd sim_lsmplugin gpg size gpg2 skill gpg-agent slabtop gpgconf sleep gpg-connect-agent sliceprint gpg-error slogin gpgparsemail smbcacls gpgsplit smbclient gpgv smbcquotas gpgv2 smbget gpg-zip smbprint gpic smbspool gpk-application smbtar gpk-dbus-service smbtree gpk-install-local-file sndfile-resample gpk-log snice gpk-prefs soelim gpk-update-viewer soffice gprof sort gr2fonttest sotruss grep sound_dump grilo-test-ui-0.2 soundstretch grl-inspect-0.2 sox grl-launch-0.2 soxi groff spd-conf grops spd-say grotty spdsend groups speaker-test growisofs speech-dispatcher grub2-editenv spice-vdagent grub2-file splain grub2-fstest split grub2-glue-efi sprof grub2-kbdcomp sqlite3 grub2-menulst2cfg ssh grub2-mkfont ssh-add grub2-mkimage ssh-agent grub2-mklayout ssh-copy-id grub2-mknetdir ssh-keygen grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 ssh-keyscan grub2-mkrelpath ssltap grub2-mkrescue sss_ssh_authorizedkeys grub2-mkstandalone sss_ssh_knownhostsproxy grub2-render-label stapdyn grub2-script-check stap-merge grub2-syslinux2cfg stap-report gs staprun gsbj stapsh gsdj start-pulseaudio-x11 gsdj500 startx gsettings stat gsettings-data-convert states gsf-office-thumbnailer stdbuf gslj strace gslp strace-log-merge gsnd strings gsoelim strip gstack stty gst-feedback stunbdc gst-feedback-0.10 stund gst-inspect su gst-inspect-0.10 sudo gst-inspect-1.0 sudoedit gst-launch sudoreplay gst-launch-0.10 sum gst-launch-1.0 sushi gst-typefind sx gst-typefind-0.10 sync gst-typefind-1.0 synclient gst-xmlinspect syndaemon gst-xmlinspect-0.10 system-config-abrt gst-xmllaunch system-config-printer gst-xmllaunch-0.10 system-config-printer-applet gtar systemctl gtbl systemd-analyze gtf systemd-ask-password gtk-launch systemd-cat gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64 systemd-cgls gtk-query-immodules-3.0-64 systemd-cgtop gtk-update-icon-cache systemd-coredumpctl gtroff systemd-delta gucharmap systemd-detect-virt gunzip systemd-escape gupnp-binding-tool systemd-firstboot gupnp-dlna-info-2.0 systemd-hwdb gupnp-dlna-ls-profiles-2.0 systemd-inhibit gvfs-cat systemd-loginctl gvfs-copy systemd-machine-id-setup gvfs-info systemd-notify gvfs-less systemd-nspawn gvfs-ls systemd-path gvfs-mime systemd-run gvfs-mkdir systemd-stdio-bridge gvfs-monitor-dir systemd-sysv-convert gvfs-monitor-file systemd-tmpfiles gvfs-mount systemd-tty-ask-password-agent gvfs-move sz gvfs-open tabs gvfs-rename tac gvfs-rm tail gvfs-save tailf gvfs-set-attribute tapestat gvfs-trash tar gvfs-tree targetcli gzexe targetctl gzip taskset h2ph tbl hangul tcptraceroute hciattach tcsh hciconfig teamd hcidump teamdctl hcitool teamnl hdmv_test tee hdsploader telepathy-gabble-xmpp-console head test hesinfo testgdbm hex2hcd testlibraw hexdump test_ppa host text2wave hostid tgz hostname tic hostnamectl time hpcups-update-ppds timedatectl hpijs timeout htdbm tload htdigest tmon htpasswd tnameserv httxt2dbm toe hunspell top i386 totem ibus totem-audio-preview ibus-daemon totem-video-thumbnailer ibus-setup touch ibus-table-createdb tpmtool iceauth tput iconv tpvmlp id tpvmlpd idevicebackup tr idevicebackup2 tracepath idevicedate tracepath6 idevicedebugserverproxy traceroute idevicediagnostics traceroute6 ideviceenterrecovery tracker-control idevice_id tracker-import ideviceimagemounter tracker-info ideviceinfo tracker-search idevicepair tracker-sparql ideviceprovision tracker-stats idevicescreenshot tracker-tag idevicesyslog troff idiag-socket-details true idn truncate iecset trust igawk tset ijsgutenprint.5.2 tsort implantisomd5 ttmkfdir imsettings-info tty imsettings-list turbostat imsettings-reload tzselect imsettings-switch ucs2any index_dump udevadm info udisksctl infocmp ul infokey ulockmgr_server infotocap umask install umount install-printerdriver unalias instperf uname ionice uncompress iostat unexpand ipa-getcert unicode_start ipcalc unicode_stop ipcmk uniq ipcrm unix-lpr.sh ipcs unlink iproxy unoconv iptables-xml unopkg iptc unpack200 isdv4-serial-inputattach unshare isodebug unxz isodump unzip isoinfo unzipsfx iso-info update-ca-trust iso-read updatedb isosize update-desktop-database isovfy update-gtk-immodules itweb-settings.itweb update-mime-database java upower javaws uptime javaws.itweb urlgrabber jjs usb-devices jobs usbhid-dump join users journalctl usleep json_reformat usx2yloader json_verify utmpdump jvmjar uuidgen k5srvutil uz kadmin vdir kbdinfo verify_blkparse kbd_mode verifytree kbdrate vi kdestroy view kdumpctl vim kernel-install vimdiff keyctl vimtutor keytool vinagre kill virsh killall virt-admin kinit virt-host-validate klist virt-pki-validate kmod virt-xml-validate kpasswd vlock ksflatten vmhgfs-fuse ksshell vmmouse_detect ksu vmstat ksvalidator vm-support ksverdiff vmtoolsd kswitch vmware-checkvm ktutil vmware-config-tools.pl kvno vmware-guestproxycerttool l2ping vmware-hgfsclient l2test vmware-rpctool last vmware-toolbox-cmd lastb vmware-uninstall-tools.pl lastcomm vmware-user-suid-wrapper lastlog vmware-vmblock-fuse lchfn vmware-xferlogs lchsh vncconfig ld vncpasswd ld.bfd vstp ldd vxloader ld.gold w ldns-chaos wait ldns-compare-zones wall ldnsd watch ldns-dane watchgnupg ldns-dpa wavpack ldns-gen-zone wc ldns-key2ds wdctl ldns-keyfetcher wftopfa ldns-keygen wget ldns-mx whatis ldns-notify whereis ldns-nsec3-hash which ldns-read-zone whiptail ldns-resolver who ldns-revoke whoami ldns-rrsig withsctp ldns-signzone wnck-urgency-monitor ldns-test-edns wodim ldns-testns write ldns-update wvdial ldns-verify-zone wvdialconf ldns-version wvgain ldns-walk wvunpack ldns-zcat X ldns-zsplit x86_64 less x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc lessecho x86_energy_perf_policy lesskey xargs lesspipe.sh xauth lexgrog xbrlapi libbluray_test xdg-desktop-icon libieee1284_test xdg-desktop-menu libreoffice xdg-email libtar xdg-icon-resource libwacom-list-local-devices xdg-mime link xdg-open linux32 xdg-screensaver linux64 xdg-settings linux-boot-prober xdg-user-dir list_titles xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update liveinst xdg-user-dirs-update ln xdpyinfo loadkeys xdriinfo loadunimap xev locale xgamma localectl xgettext localedef xhost local-getcert xinit locate xinput logger xkbcomp login xkill loginctl xlsatoms logname xlsclients logresolve xlsfonts logview xmlcatalog look xmllint lp xmlwf lp.cups xmodmap lpoptions xmvn-builddep lppasswd Xorg lpq xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs lpq.cups xprop lpr xrandr lpr.cups xrdb lprm xrefresh lprm.cups xset lprsetup.sh xsetmode lp_solve xsetpointer lpstat xsetroot lpstat.cups xsetwacom ls xsltproc lsattr xstdcmap lsblk xvattr lscgroup xvinfo lscpu Xvnc lsinitrd xwininfo lsipc xxd lslocks xz lslogins xzcat lsmcli xzcmp lsmd xzdec lsns xzdiff lsscsi xzegrep lssubsys xzfgrep lsusb xzgrep lsusb.py xzless lua xzmore luac yelp lz yes lzop ypdomainname m17n-conv yum machinectl yum-builddep mail yum-config-manager Mail yum-debug-dump mailq yum-debug-restore mailq.postfix yumdownloader mailx yum-groups-manager make zcat makedb zcmp makedeltarpm zdiff man zegrep mandb zenheiset manpath zenity mapscrn zfgrep mattrib zforce mbadblocks zgrep mbimcli zip mbim-network zipcloak mcat zipgrep mcd zipinfo mcheck zipnote mclasserase zipsplit mcomp zless mcookie zmore mcopy znew mc-tool zsoelim
bin 目录下的文件都是平常使用的命令
在 Linux 系统中，一切都是文件
sbin 目录：存放系统的可执行文件
[root@sch01ar sbin]# ls abrt-auto-reporting mii-tool abrt-configuration mkdict abrtd mkdosfs abrt-dbus mkdumprd abrt-harvest-pstoreoops mke2fs abrt-harvest-vmcore mkfs abrt-install-ccpp-hook mkfs.btrfs abrt-server mkfs.cramfs accept mkfs.ext2 accessdb mkfs.ext3 accton mkfs.ext4 adcli mkfs.fat addgnupghome mkfs.minix addpart mkfs.msdos adduser mkfs.vfat agetty mkfs.xfs alsabat-test.sh mkhomedir_helper alsactl mklost+found alsa-info mkswap alsa-info.sh ModemManager alternatives modinfo anaconda modprobe anacron mount.cifs apachectl mount.fuse applygnupgdefaults mount.glusterfs arp mount.nfs arpd mount.nfs4 arping mountstats atd mount.vmhgfs atrun mpathconf audispd mpathpersist auditctl mtr auditd multipath augenrules multipathd aureport nameif ausearch netreport authconfig netscsid authconfig-tui NetworkManager automount new-kernel-pkg autrace newusers avahi-daemon nfsdcltrack avcstat nfsidmap badblocks nfsiostat biosdecode nfsstat biosdevname nl-class-add blkdeactivate nl-class-delete blkdiscard nl-classid-lookup blkid nl-class-list blkmapd nl-cls-add blockdev nl-cls-delete brctl nl-cls-list bridge nl-link-list btrfs nl-pktloc-lookup btrfsck nl-qdisc-add btrfs-convert nl-qdisc-delete btrfs-debug-tree nl-qdisc-list btrfs-find-root nologin btrfs-image nstat btrfs-map-logical ntpd btrfs-select-super ntpdate btrfs-show-super ntpdc btrfstune ntp-keygen btrfs-zero-log ntpq build-locale-archive ntptime cacertdir_rehash ntsysv cache_check oddjobd cache_dump osd_login cache_metadata_size ownership cache_repair packer cache_restore pam_console_apply capsh pam_tally2 cbq pam_timestamp_check certmonger parted cfdisk partprobe cgclear partx cgconfigparser pdata_tools cgdcbxd pethtool cgdisk pidof cgrulesengd pifconfig chat ping6 chcpu pivot_root chkconfig plipconfig chpasswd pluginviewer chronyd plymouthd chroot plymouth-set-default-theme cifs.idmap pm-hibernate cifs.upcall pm-powersave clock pm-suspend clockdiff pm-suspend-hybrid consoletype pm-utils-bugreport-info.sh convertquota postalias cracklib-check postcat cracklib-format postconf cracklib-packer postdrop cracklib-unpacker postfix crda postkick create-cracklib-dict postlock crond postlog cryptsetup postmap ctrlaltdel postmulti ctstat postqueue cupsaccept postsuper cupsaddsmb poweroff cups-browsed pppd cupsctl pppdump cupsd pppoe-discovery cupsdisable pppstats cupsenable ppp-watch cupsfilter pvchange cups-genppd.5.2 pvck cups-genppdupdate pvcreate cupsreject pvdisplay dcbtool pvmove debugfs pvremove delpart pvresize depmod pvs devlink pvscan dhclient pwck dhclient-script pwconv dm_dso_reg_tool pwhistory_helper dmeventd pwunconv dmevent_tool quot dmidecode quotacheck dmraid quotaoff dmraid.static quotaon dmsetup quotastats dmstats radvd dnsmasq radvdump dosfsck raid-check dosfslabel rdisc dracut readprofile dump-acct realm dumpe2fs reboot dump-utmp regdbdump e2freefrag reject e2fsck repquota e2image request-key e2label resize2fs e2undo resizepart e4defrag restorecon eapol_test rfkill ebtables rmmod ebtables-restore rngd ebtables-save rotatelogs edquota route era_check routef era_dump routel era_invalidate rpcbind era_restore rpcdebug ether-wake rpc.gssd ethtool rpc.idmapd exportfs rpcinfo faillock rpc.mountd fatlabel rpc.nfsd fcgistarter rpc.rquotad fcnsq rpc.statd fcoeadm rpc.svcgssd fcoemon rsyslogd fcping rtacct fcrls rtcwake fdformat rtkitctl fdisk rtmon filefrag rtpr findfs rtstat fipvlan runlevel firewalld runuser firstboot sa fixfiles safe_finger fixparts saned fsadm sasl2-shared-mechlist fsck saslauthd fsck.btrfs sasldblistusers2 fsck.cramfs saslpasswd2 fsck.ext2 sedispatch fsck.ext3 sefcontext_compile fsck.ext4 selabel_digest fsck.fat selabel_lookup fsck.minix selabel_lookup_best_match fsck.msdos selabel_partial_match fsck.vfat selinuxconlist fsck.xfs selinuxdefcon fsfreeze selinuxenabled fstrim selinuxexeccon fuser selinux_restorecon fxload semanage gdisk semodule gdm sendmail genhomedircon sendmail.postfix genhostid service genl sestatus genl-ctrl-list setcap getcap setenforce getenforce setfiles getpcaps setpci getsebool setquota glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64 setregdomain glusterfs setroubleshootd glusterfsd setsebool groupadd setup groupdel sfdisk groupmems sgdisk groupmod sgpio grpck showmount grpconv shutdown grpunconv skdump grub2-bios-setup sktest grub2-get-kernel-settings slattach grub2-install sln grub2-macbless smartctl grub2-mkconfig smartd grub2-ofpathname sm-notify grub2-probe smtp-sink grub2-reboot smtp-source grub2-rpm-sort sosreport grub2-set-default spice-vdagentd grub2-setpassword ss grub2-sparc64-setup sshd grubby sshd-keygen gssproxy sss_cache halt sssd handle-sshpw start-statd hardlink suexec htcacheclean sulogin httpd sushell hwclock swaplabel iconvconfig swapoff iconvconfig.x86_64 swapon ifcfg switch_root ifconfig sysctl ifdown sys-unconfig ifenslave tc ifstat tcpd ifup tcpdmatch init tcpdump insmod tcpslice install-info tcsd installkernel telinit intel-microcode2ucode testsaslauthd ip thin_check ip6tables thin_delta ip6tables-restore thin_dump ip6tables-save thin_ls ipa-certupdate thin_metadata_size ipa-client-automount thin_repair ipa-client-install thin_restore ipa-getkeytab thin_rmap ipa-join thin_trim ipa-rmkeytab tickadj ipmaddr tracepath iprconfig tracepath6 iprdbg try-from iprdump tune2fs iprinit tuned iprsos tuned-adm iprupdate udevadm ipsec umount.nfs ipset umount.nfs4 iptables umount.udisks2 iptables-restore unbound-anchor iptables-save unix_chkpwd iptunnel unix_update irqbalance update-alternatives iscsiadm update-pciids iscsid update-smart-drivedb iscsi-iname usb_modeswitch iscsistart usb_modeswitch_dispatcher iscsiuio usbmuxd iw useradd kdump userdel kexec userhelper key.dns_resolver usermod killall5 usernetctl kpartx vdptool kpatch vgcfgbackup ksmtuned vgcfgrestore lchage vgchange ldattach vgck ldconfig vgconvert ledctl vgcreate ledmon vgdisplay lgroupadd vgexport lgroupdel vgextend lgroupmod vgimport libvirtd vgimportclone lid vgmerge liveinst vgmknodes lldpad vgreduce lldptool vgremove lnewusers vgrename lnstat vgs load_policy vgscan lockdev vgsplit logrotate vigr logsave vipw losetup virtlockd lpadmin virtlogd lpasswd virt-what lpc visudo lpc.cups vmcore-dmesg lpinfo vmware-namespace-cmd lpmove vpddecode lsmod weak-modules lsof wipefs lspci wpa_cli luseradd wpa_passphrase luserdel wpa_supplicant lusermod xfs_admin lvchange xfs_bmap lvconvert xfs_copy lvcreate xfs_db lvdisplay xfsdump lvextend xfs_estimate lvm xfs_freeze lvmchange xfs_fsr lvmconf xfs_growfs lvmconfig xfs_info lvmdiskscan xfsinvutil lvmdump xfs_io lvmetad xfs_logprint lvmpolld xfs_mdrestore lvmsadc xfs_metadump lvmsar xfs_mkfile lvreduce xfs_ncheck lvremove xfs_quota lvrename xfs_repair lvresize xfsrestore lvs xfs_rtcp lvscan xqmstats makedumpfile xtables-multi matchpathcon yum-complete-transaction mdadm yumdb mdmon zdump mii-diag zic
这些文件也是终端命令
dev 目录：存放设备文件的目录
该目录中存放着 Linux 系统中使用的外部设备
etc 目录：存放配置文件的目录
[root@sch01ar etc]# ls abrt gshadow prelink.conf.d adjtime gshadow- printcap aliases gss profile aliases.db gssproxy profile.d alsa host.conf protocols alternatives hostname pulse anacrontab hosts purple asound.conf hosts.allow python at.deny hosts.deny qemu-ga at-spi2 hp qemu-kvm audisp httpd radvd.conf audit idmapd.conf rc0.d autofs.conf init.d rc1.d autofs_ldap_auth.conf inittab rc2.d auto.master inputrc rc3.d auto.master.d ipa rc4.d auto.misc iproute2 rc5.d auto.net ipsec.conf rc6.d auto.smb ipsec.d rc.d avahi ipsec.secrets rc.local bash_completion.d iscsi rdma bashrc issue redhat-release binfmt.d issue.net request-key.conf bluetooth java request-key.d brltty jvm resolv.conf brltty.conf jvm-commmon rpc centos-release kdump.conf rpm centos-release-upstream kernel rsyncd.conf certmonger krb5.conf rsyslog.conf cgconfig.conf krb5.conf.d rsyslog.d cgconfig.d ksmtuned.conf rwtab cgrules.conf ld.so.cache rwtab.d cgsnapshot_blacklist.conf ld.so.conf samba chkconfig.d ld.so.conf.d sane.d chrony.conf libaudit.conf sasl2 chrony.keys libibverbs.d scl cifs-utils libnl securetty cron.d libreport security cron.daily libuser.conf selinux cron.deny libvirt services cron.hourly locale.conf sestatus.conf cron.monthly localtime setroubleshoot crontab login.defs setuptool.d cron.weekly logrotate.conf sgml crypttab logrotate.d shadow csh.cshrc lsm shadow- csh.login lvm shells cups machine-id skel cupshelpers magic smartmontools dbus-1 mailcap sos.conf dconf mail.rc speech-dispatcher default makedumpfile.conf.sample ssh depmod.d man_db.conf ssl dhcp maven sssd DIR_COLORS mime.types statetab DIR_COLORS.256color mke2fs.conf statetab.d DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor modprobe.d subgid dleyna-server-service.conf modules-load.d subuid dnsmasq.conf motd sudo.conf dnsmasq.d mtab sudoers dracut.conf mtools.conf sudoers.d dracut.conf.d multipath sudo-ldap.conf drirc my.cnf sysconfig e2fsck.conf my.cnf.d sysctl.conf enscript.cfg nanorc sysctl.d environment netconfig systemd ethertypes NetworkManager system-release exports networks system-release-cpe exports.d nfsmount.conf target favicon.png nsswitch.conf tcsd.conf fcoe nsswitch.conf.bak terminfo festival ntp tmpfiles.d filesystems ntp.conf tpvmlp.conf firefox numad.conf trusted-key.key firewalld oddjob tuned fonts oddjobd.conf udev fprintd.conf oddjobd.conf.d udisks2 fstab openldap unbound fuse.conf opt updatedb.conf gconf os-release UPower gcrypt PackageKit usb_modeswitch.conf gdbinit pam.d vconsole.conf gdbinit.d passwd vimrc gdm passwd- virc geoclue pbm2ppa.conf vmware-tools GeoIP.conf pinforc wgetrc GeoIP.conf.default pkcs11 wpa_supplicant ghostscript pki wvdial.conf gnupg plymouth X11 GREP_COLORS pm xdg groff pnm2ppa.conf xinetd.d group polkit-1 xml group- popt.d yum grub2.cfg postfix yum.conf grub.d ppp yum.repos.d
etc 中主要存放系统配置的文件，还有一些其它程序的配置文件
tmp 目录：该目录为临时目录，系统会定期自动清理该目录的文件
root 目录：该目录是 root 用户的家目录
root 用户的 ~ 也表示该目录
cd 命令
. 表示当前目录
.. 表示上一级目录
../.. 表示上一级再上一级的目录
/ 为根目录，从任意目录切换到根目录
~ 为 /root 家目录，从任意目录切换到 /root 家目录
这三条命令都能切换到 /root 家目录，cd 和 cd ~ 能切换到 /root 家目录是因为当前用户为 root
如果为其他普通用户的话，cd 和 cd ~ 切换的就是当前普通用户的家目录
普通用户的家目录在 /home 目录中的名为用户名的文件夹下
test 用户的家目录为 /home/test
cd -：返回上一次所在的目录
ls 命令：查看该目录的文件
ls -a：查看全部文件，包括隐藏文件
前面带 “.” 的为隐藏文件
ls -l：查看该目录下文件的详细信息
如果也想查看包括隐藏文件的话
两个参数进行组合
rm：删除
y 为 yes，n 为 no
如果不想有该提示消息的话，可以用 rm -f 强制删除
直接用 rm 命令不能删除一个目录
可以用 rm -r 命令来递归地删除目录
不想有这些提示信息的话，可以用命令 rm -rf
也可以用 rmdir 命令进行递归地删除目录
mkdir：创建目录
不能直接用 mkdir 命令创建多层目录
mkdir -p：递归创建目录
cp：复制
复制之后的文件也可以进行命名，不叫 123.txt
cp -i 命令会对是否覆盖已有文件进行提示，cp 命令本身也会
cp 命令本身就是 cp -i 命令
cp -r 为递归复制
