【Tomcat】N个tomcat之间实现Session共享

        对于高访问量、高并发量的网站或web应用来说,目前最常见的解决方案应该就是利用负载均衡进行server集群,例如比较流行的nginx+memcache+tomcat。集群之后比如我们有N个Tomcat,用户在访问我们的网站时有可能第一次请求分发到tomcat1下,而第二次请求又分发到了tomcat2下,有过web开发经验的朋友都知道这时session不一致会导致怎样的后果,所以我们需要解决一下多个tomcat之间session共享的问题。

       新建一个目录叫tomcat_cluster(tomcat集群的意思),直接解压下载好的tomcat,并重命名为tomcat1

       准备一个最简单的web项目(在IDE中创建部署,拷贝出来即可),并修改index.jsp的内容如下:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%  
String path = request.getContextPath();  
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  
%>  
  
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
<html>  
  <head>  
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">  
      
    <title>Session共享</title>  
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">      
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">  
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  
    <!-- 
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> 
    -->  
  </head>  
    
  <body>  
      
        SessionID:<%=session.getId()%>  
        <BR>  
        SessionIP:<%=request.getServerName()%>  
        <BR>  
        SessionPort:<%=request.getServerPort()%>  
        <%  
        out.println("This is Tomcat Server 11111");  
        %>  
  </body>  
</html>  

        web.xml中需要加<distributable />元素,如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
	<display-name>webDemo</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	<distributable />
</web-app>

        这样基本工作就做完了,下面需要修改tomcat的配置文件,我们打开conf下的server.xml文件,找到下面这一行:

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> 

        不需要做任何修改,在这一行的下面加入如下代码:

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"  channelSendOptions="8">  
         <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"  
                  expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"  notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>  
  
         <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">  
           <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"  
                       address="228.0.0.4"  <!--保留ip,用于广播-->
                       port="45564"  
                       frequency="500"  
                       dropTime="3000"/>  
           <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"  
                     address="auto"  
                     port="4000"  <!--如果是在同一台机器上的两个tomcat做负载,则此端口则不能重复-->
                     autoBind="100"  
                     selectorTimeout="5000"  
                     maxThreads="6"/>  
  
           <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">  
           <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>  
           </Sender>  
           <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>  
           <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>  
         </Channel>  
  
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"  
                filter=""/>  
         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>  
  
         <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"  
                   tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"  
                   deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"  
                   watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"  
                   watchEnabled="false"/>  
  
         <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>  
         <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>  
       </Cluster> 

 这个就是tomcat自带的集群配置了,我们可以在tomcat官方文档中的cluster-howto.html中看到相关注意事项,其中有一条需要注意一下:

Make sure your web.xml has the <distributable/> element

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转载自sun80264629.iteye.com/blog/2371078