try catch异常处理

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class MyException{};
class Dummy
{
    public:
    Dummy(string s) : MyName(s) { PrintMsg("Created Dummy:"); }
    Dummy(const Dummy& other) : MyName(other.MyName){ PrintMsg("Copy created Dummy:"); }
    ~Dummy(){ PrintMsg("Destroyed Dummy:"); }
    void PrintMsg(string s) { cout << s  << MyName <<  endl; }
    string MyName; 
    int level;
};
 
 
void C(Dummy d, int i)
{ 
    cout << "Entering FunctionC" << endl;
    d.MyName = " C";
    throw MyException();   
 
    cout << "Exiting FunctionC" << endl;
}
 
void B(Dummy d, int i)
{
    cout << "Entering FunctionB" << endl;
    d.MyName = "B";
    C(d, i + 1);   
    cout << "Exiting FunctionB" << endl; 
}
 
void A(Dummy d, int i)
{ 
    cout << "Entering FunctionA" << endl;
    d.MyName = " A" ;
  //  Dummy* pd = new Dummy("new Dummy"); //Not exception safe!!!
    B(d, i + 1);
 //   delete pd; 
    cout << "Exiting FunctionA" << endl;   
}
 
 
int main()
{
    cout << "Entering main" << endl;
    try
    {
        Dummy d(" M");
        A(d,1);
    }
    catch (MyException& e)
    {
        cout << "Caught an exception of type: " << typeid(e).name() << endl;
    }
 
    cout << "Exiting main." << endl;
    char c;
    cin >> c;
}
 

/* Output:
    Entering main
    Created Dummy: M
    Copy created Dummy: M
    Entering FunctionA
    Copy created Dummy: A
    Entering FunctionB
    Copy created Dummy: B
    Entering FunctionC
    Destroyed Dummy: C
    Destroyed Dummy: B
    Destroyed Dummy: A
    Destroyed Dummy: M
    Caught an exception of type: class MyException
    Exiting main.
 

*/

异常是一个可能超出程序的控制范围的错误条件，它会阻止程序继续沿其常规执行路径执行。 某些操作（包括对象创建、文件输入/输出以及从其他模块中进行的函数调用）都可能是异常的来源，设置在你的程序正常运行时也是如此。 可靠代码可预见并处理异常。若要检测单个程序或模块内的逻辑错误，请使用断言而不是异常。