java多线程与并发（九）——浅复制与深复制

转自https://blog.csdn.net/baiye_xing/article/details/71788741

1.拷贝的引入

（1）引用拷贝

创建一个指向对象的引用变量的拷贝。

package copyDemo;

public class copy {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Taylor",26);
        Teacher otherteacher = teacher;
        System.out.println(teacher);
        System.out.println(otherteacher);
    }
}

运行结果：

copyDemo.Teacher@36baf30c
copyDemo.Teacher@36baf30c

结果分析：由输出结果可以看出，它们的地址值是相同的，那么它们肯定是同一个对象。teacher和otherteacher的只是引用而已，他们都指向了一个相同的对象Teacher(“Taylor”,26)。 这就叫做引用拷贝。

（2）对象拷贝

创建对象本身的一个副本。

public class copy {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Swift",26);
        Teacher otherteacher = (Teacher) teacher.clone();
        System.out.println(teacher);
        System.out.println(otherteacher);
    }
}
//运行结果：
copyDemo.Teacher@36baf30c
copyDemo.Teacher@7a81197d

结果分析：由输出结果可以看出，它们的地址是不同的，也就是说创建了新的对象， 而不是把原对象的地址赋给了一个新的引用变量,这就叫做对象拷贝。

注：深拷贝和浅拷贝都是对象拷贝

2.浅拷贝

（1）定义：

被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。即对象的浅拷贝会对“主”对象进行拷贝，但不会复制主对象里面的对象。”里面的对象“会在原来的对象和它的副本之间共享。

简而言之，浅拷贝仅仅复制所考虑的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象

（2）浅拷贝实例：

package copyDemo;

public class ShallowCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("Delacey");
        teacher.setAge(29);

        Student2 student1 = new Student2();
        student1.setName("Dream");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        Student2 student2 = (Student2) student1.clone();
        System.out.println("拷贝后");
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");

        // 修改老师的信息
        teacher.setName("Jam");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }

}

class Teacher implements Cloneable
{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

class Student2 implements Cloneable
{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher()
    {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher)
    {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
    {
        Object object = super.clone();
        return object;
    }

}
//输出结果：
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Jam

结果分析： 两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象，所以说明是浅拷贝。

3.深拷贝

（1）定义：

深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝，深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。

简而言之，深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。

（2）实现深拷贝

package copyDemo;

public class DeepCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Teacher2 teacher = new Teacher2();
        teacher.setName("Delacey");
        teacher.setAge(29);

        Student3 student1 = new Student3();
        student1.setName("Dream");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        Student3 student2 = (Student3) student1.clone();
        System.out.println("拷贝后");
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");

        // 修改老师的信息
        teacher.setName("Jam");
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

class Teacher2 implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
    {
        return super.clone();
    }

}

class Student3 implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher2 teacher;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher2 getTeacher()
    {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher2 teacher)
    {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
    {
        // 浅复制时：
        // Object object = super.clone();
        // return object;

        // 改为深复制：
        Student3 student = (Student3) super.clone();
        // 本来是浅复制，现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
        student.setTeacher((Teacher2) student.getTeacher().clone());
        return student;
    }

}
//输出结果：
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Delacey

结果分析：
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是两个对象，但对teacher对象的修改只能影响student1对象,所以说是深拷贝。
复制后：

修改后：

（3）利用序列化实现深拷贝

package copyDemo;

import java.io.*;

public class DeepCopyServiable {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Teacher3 t = new Teacher3();
        t.setName("Taylor");
        t.setAge(28);

        Student4 s1 = new Student4();
        s1.setAge(20);
        s1.setName("blank space");
        s1.setTeacher(t);

        Student4 s2 = (Student4) s1.deepClone();

        System.out.println("拷贝后:");
        System.out.println(s2.getName());
        System.out.println(s2.getAge());
        System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getAge());
        System.out.println("---------------------------");

        t.setName("swift");

        System.out.println("修改后：");
        System.out.println(s1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
    }

}

class Teacher3 implements Serializable
{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

class Student4 implements Serializable
{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher3 teacher;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher3 getTeacher()
    {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher3 teacher)
    {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public Object deepClone() throws Exception
    {
        // 序列化
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);

        oos.writeObject(this);

        // 反序列化
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);

        return ois.readObject();
    }

}
//输出结果：
拷贝后:
blank space
20
Taylor
28
---------------------------
修改后：
swift
Taylor

结果分析：说明用序列化的方式实现了对象的深拷贝