外部中断/事件控制器由20个产生事件/中断请求的边沿检测器组成，对于其它
产品，则有19个能产生事件/中断请求的边沿检测器。每个输入线可以独立地配置输入类型(脉冲
或挂起)和对应的触发事件(上升沿或下降沿或者双边沿都触发)。每个输入线都可以独立地被屏
蔽。挂起寄存器保持着状态线的中断请求。
主要特性
EXTI控制器的主要特性如下：
● 每个中断/事件都有独立的触发和屏蔽
● 每个中断线都有专用的状态位
● 支持多达20个软件的中断/事件请求
● 检测脉冲宽度低于APB2时钟宽度的外部信号。参见数据手册中电气特性部分的相关参数。
STM32中有两个优先级的概念：抢占式优先级和响应优先级(也叫副优先级)。
他们的特性是：
1：高抢占式优先级的中断可以嵌套在低抢占式优先级的中断中:即低抢占式优先级的中断可以被高抢占式优先级的中断打断；
2：当两个中断源的抢占式优先级相同时，这两个中断将没有嵌套关系，当一个中断到来后，如果正在处理另一个中断，这个后到来的中断就要等到前一个中断处理完之后才能被处理。
3：如果两个具有相同抢占式优先级的中断同时到达，那么系统给先处理高响应优先级的中断；
4：如果两个中断的抢占式优先级和响应优先级都相等，则根据他们在中断表中的排位顺序决定先处理哪一个。
它们的级别关系是: 抢占式优先级 > 响应优先级 > 中断表中的排位顺序。只有在上一级优先级相同时下一级优先级才会起作用。
在stm32系统中使用 抢占式优先级(NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority)和响应优先级(NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority) 共同构成了一个 中断优先级，每个中断优先级共有4bit数据来表示其使用的抢占优先级和响应优先级，而中断优先级又被分成了四组，每一组使用一种抢占优先级数据位和响应优先级数据位的组合方式。
先选择中断控制器组，然后要使用的中断源，设置抢断优先级与响应优先级
static void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
/* 嵌套向量中断控制器组选择 （有五组，有什么区别吗）*/
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
/* 配置USART为中断源（） */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
/* 抢断优先级为1 （有几级？）*/
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
/* 子优先级为1 */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2;
/* 使能中断 */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
/* 初始化配置NVIC */
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}第0组 NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 使用0bits表示抢占式优先级------NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority无效，4bits表示响应优先级--NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority值可为0~15。因此，在这一组中的中断没有抢占式优先级，只有响应优先级，它们互相不可打断。
第2组 NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 使用2bits表示抢占优先级------NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority值可为0~3，使用2bits表示响应优先级NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority值可为0~3。
无论使用哪一组，其优先级总数(抢占优先级*响应优先级)都是16.
typedef struct
{
u8 NVIC_IRQChannel;
u8 NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority;
u8 NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority;
FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd;
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;
/** @defgroup MISC_Preemption_Priority_Group
* @{
/* 嵌套向量中断控制器组选择 */
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
*/
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 ((uint32_t)0x700) /*!< 0 bits for pre-emption priority
4 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 ((uint32_t)0x600) /*!< 1 bits for pre-emption priority
3 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 ((uint32_t)0x500) /*!< 2 bits for pre-emption priority
2 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 ((uint32_t)0x400) /*!< 3 bits for pre-emption priority
1 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 ((uint32_t)0x300) /*!< 4 bits for pre-emption priority
0 bits for subpriority *//*
/* 配置USART为中断源 */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
*/
/****** Cortex-M4 Processor Exceptions Numbers ****************************************************************/
typedef enum IRQn
{
NonMaskableInt_IRQn = -14, /*!< 2 Non Maskable Interrupt */
MemoryManagement_IRQn = -12, /*!< 4 Cortex-M4 Memory Management Interrupt */
BusFault_IRQn = -11, /*!< 5 Cortex-M4 Bus Fault Interrupt */
UsageFault_IRQn = -10, /*!< 6 Cortex-M4 Usage Fault Interrupt */
SVCall_IRQn = -5, /*!< 11 Cortex-M4 SV Call Interrupt */
DebugMonitor_IRQn = -4, /*!< 12 Cortex-M4 Debug Monitor Interrupt */
PendSV_IRQn = -2, /*!< 14 Cortex-M4 Pend SV Interrupt */
SysTick_IRQn = -1, /*!< 15 Cortex-M4 System Tick Interrupt */
/****** STM32 specific Interrupt Numbers **********************************************************************/
WWDG_IRQn = 0, /*!< Window WatchDog Interrupt */
PVD_IRQn = 1, /*!< PVD through EXTI Line detection Interrupt */
TAMP_STAMP_IRQn = 2, /*!< Tamper and TimeStamp interrupts through the EXTI line */
RTC_WKUP_IRQn = 3, /*!< RTC Wakeup interrupt through the EXTI line */
FLASH_IRQn = 4, /*!< FLASH global Interrupt */
RCC_IRQn = 5, /*!< RCC global Interrupt */
EXTI0_IRQn = 6, /*!< EXTI Line0 Interrupt */
EXTI1_IRQn = 7, /*!< EXTI Line1 Interrupt */
EXTI2_IRQn = 8, /*!< EXTI Line2 Interrupt */
EXTI3_IRQn = 9, /*!< EXTI Line3 Interrupt */
EXTI4_IRQn = 10, /*!< EXTI Line4 Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream0_IRQn = 11, /*!< DMA1 Stream 0 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream1_IRQn = 12, /*!< DMA1 Stream 1 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream2_IRQn = 13, /*!< DMA1 Stream 2 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream3_IRQn = 14, /*!< DMA1 Stream 3 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream4_IRQn = 15, /*!< DMA1 Stream 4 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream5_IRQn = 16, /*!< DMA1 Stream 5 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream6_IRQn = 17, /*!< DMA1 Stream 6 global Interrupt */
ADC_IRQn = 18, /*!< ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3 global Interrupts */
#if defined(STM32F429_439xx)
CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< CAN1 TX Interrupt */
CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< CAN1 RX0 Interrupt */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break interrupt and TIM9 global interrupt */
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTC_Alarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line Interrupt */
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQn = 42, /*!< USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line interrupt */
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQn = 43, /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt and TIM12 global interrupt */
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn = 44, /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt and TIM13 global interrupt */
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQn = 45, /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM14 global interrupt */
TIM8_CC_IRQn = 46, /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream7_IRQn = 47, /*!< DMA1 Stream7 Interrupt */
FMC_IRQn = 48, /*!< FMC global Interrupt */
SDIO_IRQn = 49, /*!< SDIO global Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_DAC_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 global and DAC1&2 underrun error interrupts */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream0_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Stream 0 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream1_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Stream 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream2_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Stream 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream3_IRQn = 59, /*!< DMA2 Stream 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream4_IRQn = 60, /*!< DMA2 Stream 4 global Interrupt */
ETH_IRQn = 61, /*!< Ethernet global Interrupt */
ETH_WKUP_IRQn = 62, /*!< Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line Interrupt */
CAN2_TX_IRQn = 63, /*!< CAN2 TX Interrupt */
CAN2_RX0_IRQn = 64, /*!< CAN2 RX0 Interrupt */
CAN2_RX1_IRQn = 65, /*!< CAN2 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN2_SCE_IRQn = 66, /*!< CAN2 SCE Interrupt */
OTG_FS_IRQn = 67, /*!< USB OTG FS global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream5_IRQn = 68, /*!< DMA2 Stream 5 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream6_IRQn = 69, /*!< DMA2 Stream 6 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream7_IRQn = 70, /*!< DMA2 Stream 7 global interrupt */
USART6_IRQn = 71, /*!< USART6 global interrupt */
I2C3_EV_IRQn = 72, /*!< I2C3 event interrupt */
I2C3_ER_IRQn = 73, /*!< I2C3 error interrupt */
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQn = 74, /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out global interrupt */
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQn = 75, /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 In global interrupt */
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQn = 76, /*!< USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI interrupt */
OTG_HS_IRQn = 77, /*!< USB OTG HS global interrupt */
DCMI_IRQn = 78, /*!< DCMI global interrupt */
CRYP_IRQn = 79, /*!< CRYP crypto global interrupt */
HASH_RNG_IRQn = 80, /*!< Hash and Rng global interrupt */
FPU_IRQn = 81, /*!< FPU global interrupt */
UART7_IRQn = 82, /*!< UART7 global interrupt */
UART8_IRQn = 83, /*!< UART8 global interrupt */
SPI4_IRQn = 84, /*!< SPI4 global Interrupt */
SPI5_IRQn = 85, /*!< SPI5 global Interrupt */
SPI6_IRQn = 86, /*!< SPI6 global Interrupt */
SAI1_IRQn = 87, /*!< SAI1 global Interrupt */
LTDC_IRQn = 88, /*!< LTDC global Interrupt */
LTDC_ER_IRQn = 89, /*!< LTDC Error global Interrupt */
DMA2D_IRQn = 90 /*!< DMA2D global Interrupt */
#endif /* STM32F429_439xx */
}} IRQn_Type;