多重签名应用实例

Bitcoin多重签名地址使用实例（testnet3）：

不要将比特币发送给示例中的地址，否则您将失去他！

Alice花费0.005BTC购买Bob的货物，为了交易完全，两者找第三方Martin作为中间人。
Alice、Bob、Martin分别公开自己的公钥信息，并根据公钥生成一个2-3多重签名地址
例如，公钥信息如下：

Alice: 03e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f2161

Bob: 020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd97

Martin: 039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd

使用命令

getnewaddress
validateaddress “address”

可以查看地址对应的公钥信息。
使用命令

addmultisigaddress nrequired [“key”,…] ( “account” “address_type” )

生成2-3多重签名地址，例如，上述3个公钥生成的地址为：

addmultisigaddress 2 "[\"03e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f2161\",\"020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd97\",\"039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd\"]"

2N6UDb9eBjLKKN8f52PWZgj6Xn8VzdJcWzt

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Alice将货款发送给上述多签名地址，并将交易ID发送给Bob
例如，交易ID为：

423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899

Bob收到交易ID后，校验交易信息
使用命令

getrawtransaction “txid” ( verbose “blockhash” )
decoderawtransaction “hexstring” ( iswitness )

查看交易信息，例如上述交易ID的交易信息为：

getrawtransaction 423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899

0200000000010176345c521e457a604000b1543aaa6bcdfef274bb614662f363c3b63ba0d6f1f300000000171600148e0d7aae920edda41e3fd0ae89fe0f8460c3132ffdffffff0220a107000000000017a914910eb5b15177193bad6bf65216a969289aca0ba1877aa007000000000017a914f1e97dd31778893c6f31a94f83ea7cb9b5340498870247304402202aa82440092153d4a316c31048f5e794a7ba96b2b217d77610127fca2661981e0220515d4d189918a889cb4c90aac71603a7c3f108f806ab2e41c23a5ca65c9c0ee7012103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f2161247d1500

decoderawtransaction 0200000000010176345c521e457a604000b1543aaa6bcdfef274bb614662f363c3b63ba0d6f1f300000000171600148e0d7aae920edda41e3fd0ae89fe0f8460c3132ffdffffff0220a107000000000017a914910eb5b15177193bad6bf65216a969289aca0ba1877aa007000000000017a914f1e97dd31778893c6f31a94f83ea7cb9b5340498870247304402202aa82440092153d4a316c31048f5e794a7ba96b2b217d77610127fca2661981e0220515d4d189918a889cb4c90aac71603a7c3f108f806ab2e41c23a5ca65c9c0ee7012103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f2161247d1500

{
  "txid": "423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899",
  "hash": "a41805f43b9f02c1d8ccee1a24d8b50e3e1d58c4e9c2415823dea15b42f0f13a",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 247,
  "vsize": 166,
  "locktime": 1408292,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "f3f1d6a03bb6c363f3624661bb74f2fecd6baa3a54b10040607a451e525c3476",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "00148e0d7aae920edda41e3fd0ae89fe0f8460c3132f",
        "hex": "1600148e0d7aae920edda41e3fd0ae89fe0f8460c3132f"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "304402202aa82440092153d4a316c31048f5e794a7ba96b2b217d77610127fca2661981e0220515d4d189918a889cb4c90aac71603a7c3f108f806ab2e41c23a5ca65c9c0ee701",
        "03e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f2161"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967293
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 0.00500000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 910eb5b15177193bad6bf65216a969289aca0ba1 OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914910eb5b15177193bad6bf65216a969289aca0ba187",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2N6UDb9eBjLKKN8f52PWZgj6Xn8VzdJcWzt"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": 0.00499834,
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 f1e97dd31778893c6f31a94f83ea7cb9b5340498 OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914f1e97dd31778893c6f31a94f83ea7cb9b534049887",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NFJLYnihHtE6j3cvYVNSsdSnRikt6SFn4X"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Bob确认付款信息无误，发送货物给Alice

Bob提取货款时，先创建一个从交易ID到自己比特币地址的交易

使用命令

createrawtransaction [{“txid”:”id”,”vout”:n},…] {“address”:amount,”data”:”hex”,…} ( locktime ) ( replaceable )

来创建一个交易，例如：

createrawtransaction "[{\"txid\":\"423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899\",\"vout\":0}]" "{\"2N4bC6uNobbZUf3ybhg3ci4N7ZNQFohcsXG\":0.004998}"

0200000001991816e3bd6bb9faf77b836560f01d433d4819dbb3499120a3704c69b4d73f420000000000ffffffff0158a007000000000017a9147c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a98700000000

提取的值要小于交易ID的值，差值作为矿工的奖励。
Bob对该交易进行签名
使用命令

signrawtransaction “hexstring” ( [{“txid”:”id”,”vout”:n,”scriptPubKey”:”hex”,”redeemScript”:”hex”},…] [“privatekey1”,…] sighashtype )

来对交易进行签名。
例如，Bob对上面的交易进行签名：

signrawtransaction 0200000001991816e3bd6bb9faf77b836560f01d433d4819dbb3499120a3704c69b4d73f420000000000ffffffff0158a007000000000017a9147c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a98700000000

{
  "hex": "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",
  "complete": false,
  "errors": [
    {
      "txid": "423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899",
      "vout": 0,
      "witness": [
        "",
        "304402205637494e4efbe71052d084f133c81f6af7d134170f12b546c3ca926ff80bbff9022037bffc1e9cba1c485032d5fc6cf92f73d8fe76295c467ff48b0b9cdcfe2a520101",
        "522103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f216121020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd9721039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd53ae"
      ],
      "scriptSig": "2200206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18d",
      "sequence": 4294967295,
      "error": "Unable to sign input, invalid stack size (possibly missing key)"
    }
  ]
}

Bob将自己签名后的交易发送给Alice，Alice对收到的货物和交易进行验证
使用命令decoderawtransaction查看Bob签名的交易信息，例如

decoderawtransaction 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

{
  "txid": "67fcaf25ee12ee132ce6bbe179d064777a2e81e749fb51e103fd19e438337080",
  "hash": "19db44e9cf965b365724a9eb8a54760d1a2e6fb42f3b7ab657066debe876e782",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 300,
  "vsize": 164,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "00206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18d",
        "hex": "2200206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18d"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "",
        "304402205637494e4efbe71052d084f133c81f6af7d134170f12b546c3ca926ff80bbff9022037bffc1e9cba1c485032d5fc6cf92f73d8fe76295c467ff48b0b9cdcfe2a520101",
        "522103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f216121020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd9721039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd53ae"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 0.00499800,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 7c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a9 OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a9147c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a987",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2N4bC6uNobbZUf3ybhg3ci4N7ZNQFohcsXG"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Alice确认货物和交易无误后，对Bob创建的交易进行签名
例如：

signrawtransaction 02000000000101991816e3bd6bb9faf77b836560f01d433d4819dbb3499120a3704c69b4d73f4200000000232200206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18dffffffff0158a007000000000017a9147c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a987030047304402205637494e4efbe71052d084f133c81f6af7d134170f12b546c3ca926ff80bbff9022037bffc1e9cba1c485032d5fc6cf92f73d8fe76295c467ff48b0b9cdcfe2a52010169522103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f216121020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd9721039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd53ae00000000

{
  "hex": "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",
  "complete": true
}

Alice将签名成功的交易发送到网络
使用命令

sendrawtransaction “hexstring” ( allowhighfees )

发送交易，例如：

sendrawtransaction 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

返回的交易ID如下：

67fcaf25ee12ee132ce6bbe179d064777a2e81e749fb51e103fd19e438337080

待交易被网络确认后，Bob即可收到货款，及交易正常完成
上述交易信息如下：

getrawtransaction 67fcaf25ee12ee132ce6bbe179d064777a2e81e749fb51e103fd19e438337080

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

decoderawtransaction 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

{
  "txid": "67fcaf25ee12ee132ce6bbe179d064777a2e81e749fb51e103fd19e438337080",
  "hash": "6a611f56db7c64d7edc1c6497305bcc473634cedae690cd5424fe8296a29d7cf",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 373,
  "vsize": 182,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "423fd7b4694c70a3209149b3db19483d431df06065837bf7fab96bbde3161899",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "00206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18d",
        "hex": "2200206f0f2d495c106ccb69b10a8f57ca115674d0f302fa918b29df65e464b132c18d"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "",
        "3045022100cf5d662011e226a82d8cb860290565acfe42cd332a16d2c4c81a60fa01b3c37802201983bd20263889acc18c06a47ee36cf77c6594fd1b0ddf8f9d20b954071bda1701",
        "304402205637494e4efbe71052d084f133c81f6af7d134170f12b546c3ca926ff80bbff9022037bffc1e9cba1c485032d5fc6cf92f73d8fe76295c467ff48b0b9cdcfe2a520101",
        "522103e3bd2f408e4415aa57c747f6550937823a8605706c358facdc6325b4a99f216121020e80933a750e84b4c35c10bc797ca34d1c885e4e65531a7499170a1c78ffdd9721039155f9024807d126be4df4d09273c5fece4767e89b4527c68b48414a2877eddd53ae"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 0.00499800,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 7c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a9 OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a9147c7020ed135a05c86bcec1c491426eec48efb2a987",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2N4bC6uNobbZUf3ybhg3ci4N7ZNQFohcsXG"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

同理，如果交易出现问题，如Alice拒绝付款或Bob的货物有问题，Alice要求退款，而对方拒绝，就可以找仲裁Martin来签署交易，从而保护自己的财产，当然Martin也可以将一部分钱发送给自己，作为调解费用。
交易流程图示例：

多重签名交易流程示例图

参考文章：https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/multisig-future-bitcoin-1394686504/

多重签名应用实例

Bitcoin多重签名地址使用实例（testnet3）：

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