Python笔记day32（网络）|解决黏包现象、Struct用法、实现ftp功能

1，黏包的解决方案

解决方案一
问题的根源在于，接收端不知道发送端将要传送的字节流的长度，所以解决粘包的方法就是围绕，如何让发送端在发送数据前，把自己将要发送的字节流总大小让接收端知晓，然后接收端来一个死循环接收完所有数据。

发送端接收端图示

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,subprocess
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

s.bind(ip_port)
s.listen(5)

while True:
    conn,addr=s.accept()
    print('客户端',addr)
    while True:
        msg=conn.recv(1024)
        if not msg:break
        res=subprocess.Popen(msg.decode('utf-8'),shell=True,\
                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,\
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        err=res.stderr.read()
        if err:
            ret=err
        else:
            ret=res.stdout.read()
        data_length=len(ret)
        conn.send(str(data_length).encode('utf-8'))
        data=conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
        if data == 'recv_ready':
            conn.sendall(ret)
    conn.close()

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,time
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))

while True:
    msg=input('>>: ').strip()
    if len(msg) == 0:continue
    if msg == 'quit':break

    s.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
    length=int(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
    s.send('recv_ready'.encode('utf-8'))
    send_size=0
    recv_size=0
    data=b''
    while recv_size < length:
        data+=s.recv(1024)
        recv_size+=len(data)


    print(data.decode('utf-8'))

存在的问题：
程序的运行速度远快于网络传输速度，所以在发送一段字节前，先用send去发送该字节流长度，这种方式会放大网络延迟带来的性能损耗

解决方案进阶
刚刚的方法，问题在于我们我们在发送

我们可以借助一个模块，这个模块可以把要发送的数据长度转换成固定长度的字节。这样客户端每次接收消息之前只要先接受这个固定长度字节的内容看一看接下来要接收的信息大小，那么最终接受的数据只要达到这个值就停止，就能刚好不多不少的接收完整的数据了。

struct模块
该模块可以把一个类型，如数字，转成固定长度的bytes

struct.pack(‘i’,1111111111111)

struct.error: ‘i’ format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647 #这个是范围
sturct

import json,struct
#假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt

#为避免粘包,必须自定制报头
header={'file_size':1073741824000,'file_name':'/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt','md5':'8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} #1T数据,文件路径和md5值

#为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为bytes
head_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding='utf-8') #序列化并转成bytes,用于传输

#为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节
head_len_bytes=struct.pack('i',len(head_bytes)) #这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度

#客户端开始发送
conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先发报头的长度,4个bytes
conn.send(head_bytes) #再发报头的字节格式
conn.sendall(文件内容) #然后发真实内容的字节格式

#服务端开始接收
head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式
x=struct.unpack('i',head_len_bytes)[0] #提取报头的长度

head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式
header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取报头

#最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如
real_data_len=s.recv(header['file_size'])
s.recv(real_data_len)

关于struct的详细用法
使用struct解决黏包
借助struct模块，我们知道长度数字可以被转换成一个标准大小的4字节数字。因此可以利用这个特点来预先发送数据长度。

发送时接收时
先发送struct转换好的数据长度4字节先接受4个字节使用struct转换成数字来获取要接收的数据长度
再发送数据再按照长度接收数据

import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加

phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))

phone.listen(5)

while True:
    conn,addr=phone.accept()
    while True:
        cmd=conn.recv(1024)
        if not cmd:break
        print('cmd: %s' %cmd)

        res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),
                             shell=True,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        err=res.stderr.read()
        print(err)
        if err:
            back_msg=err
        else:
            back_msg=res.stdout.read()


        conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(back_msg))) #先发back_msg的长度
        conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容

    conn.close()

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
import socket,time,struct

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))

while True:
    msg=input('>>: ').strip()
    if len(msg) == 0:continue
    if msg == 'quit':break

    s.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))



    l=s.recv(4)
    x=struct.unpack('i',l)[0]
    print(type(x),x)
    # print(struct.unpack('I',l))
    r_s=0
    data=b''
    while r_s < x:
        r_d=s.recv(1024)
        data+=r_d
        r_s+=len(r_d)

    # print(data.decode('utf-8'))
    print(data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码

我们还可以把报头做成字典，字典里包含将要发送的真实数据的详细信息，然后json序列化，然后用struck将序列化后的数据长度打包成4个字节（4个自己足够用了）

发送时接收时
先发报头长度

先收报头长度，用struct取出来
再编码报头内容然后发送根据取出的长度收取报头内容，然后解码，反序列化
最后发真实内容从反序列化的结果中取出待取数据的详细信息，然后去取真实的数据内容

import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加

phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))

phone.listen(5)

while True:
    conn,addr=phone.accept()
    while True:
        cmd=conn.recv(1024)
        if not cmd:break
        print('cmd: %s' %cmd)

        res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),
                             shell=True,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        err=res.stderr.read()
        print(err)
        if err:
            back_msg=err
        else:
            back_msg=res.stdout.read()

        headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)}
        head_json=json.dumps(headers)
        head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8')

        conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))) #先发报头的长度
        conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再发报头
        conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容

    conn.close()

from socket import *
import struct,json

ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(ip_port)

while True:
    cmd=input('>>: ')
    if not cmd:continue
    client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8'))

    head=client.recv(4)
    head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0]
    head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8'))
    data_len=head_json['data_size']

    recv_size=0
    recv_data=b''
    while recv_size < data_len:
        recv_data+=client.recv(1024)
        recv_size+=len(recv_data)

    print(recv_data.decode('utf-8'))
    #print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码

2，上传下载文件

server端

import json
import struct
import socket

sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
sk.listen()

conn,addr = sk.accept()
dic_len = conn.recv(4)  # 4个字节 数字的大小
dic_len = struct.unpack('i',dic_len)[0]
content = conn.recv(dic_len).decode('utf-8')  # 70
content_dic = json.loads(content)
if content_dic['operate'] == 'upload':
    with open(content_dic['filename'],'wb') as f:
        while content_dic['filesize']:
            file = conn.recv(1024)
            f.write(file)
            content_dic['filesize'] -= len(file)
conn.close()
sk.close()

client端

import os
import json
import struct
import socket

sk = socket.socket()
sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080))

def get_filename(file_path):
    filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
    return filename

#选择 操作
operate = ['upload','download']
for num,opt in enumerate(operate,1):
    print(num,opt)
num = int(input('请输入您要做的操作序号 : '))
if num == 1:
    '''上传操作'''
    file_path = input('请输入要上传的文件路径 : ')
    file_size = os.path.getsize(file_path)  # 获取文件大小
    file_name = get_filename(file_path)
    dic = {'operate': 'upload', 'filename': file_name,'filesize':file_size}
    str_dic = json.dumps(dic).encode('utf-8')
    ret = struct.pack('i', len(str_dic))  # 将字典的大小转换成一个定长(4)的bytes
    sk.send(ret + str_dic)
    with open(file_path,'rb') as  f:
        while file_size:
            content = f.read(1024)
            sk.send(content)
            file_size -= len(content)
elif num == 2:
    '''下载操作'''
sk.close()

3，FTP作业：上传下载文件

import socket
import struct
import json
import subprocess
import os

class MYTCPServer:
    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    allow_reuse_address = False

    max_packet_size = 8192

    coding='utf-8'

    request_queue_size = 5

    server_dir='file_upload'

    def __init__(self, server_address, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        self.server_address=server_address
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if bind_and_activate:
            try:
                self.server_bind()
                self.server_activate()
            except:
                self.server_close()
                raise

    def server_bind(self):
        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
        """
        if self.allow_reuse_address:
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
        """
        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.
        """
        self.socket.close()

    def get_request(self):
        """Get the request and client address from the socket.
        """
        return self.socket.accept()

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        request.close()

    def run(self):
        while True:
            self.conn,self.client_addr=self.get_request()
            print('from client ',self.client_addr)
            while True:
                try:
                    head_struct = self.conn.recv(4)
                    if not head_struct:break

                    head_len = struct.unpack('i', head_struct)[0]
                    head_json = self.conn.recv(head_len).decode(self.coding)
                    head_dic = json.loads(head_json)

                    print(head_dic)
                    #head_dic={'cmd':'put','filename':'a.txt','filesize':123123}
                    cmd=head_dic['cmd']
                    if hasattr(self,cmd):
                        func=getattr(self,cmd)
                        func(head_dic)
                except Exception:
                    break

    def put(self,args):
        file_path=os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
            self.server_dir,
            args['filename']
        ))

        filesize=args['filesize']
        recv_size=0
        print('----->',file_path)
        with open(file_path,'wb') as f:
            while recv_size < filesize:
                recv_data=self.conn.recv(self.max_packet_size)
                f.write(recv_data)
                recv_size+=len(recv_data)
                print('recvsize:%s filesize:%s' %(recv_size,filesize))


tcpserver1=MYTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080))

tcpserver1.run()






#下列代码与本题无关
class MYUDPServer:

    """UDP server class."""
    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM

    allow_reuse_address = False

    max_packet_size = 8192

    coding='utf-8'

    def get_request(self):
        data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size)
        return (data, self.socket), client_addr

    def server_activate(self):
        # No need to call listen() for UDP.
        pass

    def shutdown_request(self, request):
        # No need to shutdown anything.
        self.close_request(request)

    def close_request(self, request):
        # No need to close anything.
        pass

import socket
import struct
import json
import os



class MYTCPClient:
    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    allow_reuse_address = False

    max_packet_size = 8192

    coding='utf-8'

    request_queue_size = 5

    def __init__(self, server_address, connect=True):
        self.server_address=server_address
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if connect:
            try:
                self.client_connect()
            except:
                self.client_close()
                raise

    def client_connect(self):
        self.socket.connect(self.server_address)

    def client_close(self):
        self.socket.close()

    def run(self):
        while True:
            inp=input(">>: ").strip()
            if not inp:continue
            l=inp.split()
            cmd=l[0]
            if hasattr(self,cmd):
                func=getattr(self,cmd)
                func(l)


    def put(self,args):
        cmd=args[0]
        filename=args[1]
        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
            print('file:%s is not exists' %filename)
            return
        else:
            filesize=os.path.getsize(filename)

        head_dic={'cmd':cmd,'filename':os.path.basename(filename),'filesize':filesize}
        print(head_dic)
        head_json=json.dumps(head_dic)
        head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=self.coding)

        head_struct=struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))
        self.socket.send(head_struct)
        self.socket.send(head_json_bytes)
        send_size=0
        with open(filename,'rb') as f:
            for line in f:
                self.socket.send(line)
                send_size+=len(line)
                print(send_size)
            else:
                print('upload successful')




client=MYTCPClient(('127.0.0.1',8080))

client.run()