RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
puthon操作rabbitMQ的模块名为：pika
在操作rabbitMQ之前，先通过Queue理解生产者消费者模型
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import Queue
import threading
message = Queue.Queue(10)
def producter(i):
while True:
message.put(i)
def consumer(i):
while True:
message.get()
for i in range(5):
w = threading.Thread(target=producter,args=(i,))
w.start()
for i in range(2):
w = threading.Thread(target=consumer,args=(i,))
w.start()
生产者消费者模型对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道
channel.queue_declare("chenchao") #声明一个消息队列
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key="chenchao",body="Fucking!") #发送消息
print "sent Fucking world!!!!"
connection.close() #关闭连接
生产者#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
# #############################消费者########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
print body
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=True) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
消费者1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果在传递消息的过程中消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务消息添加到队列中。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
# #############################消费者########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
print body
import time
time.sleep(8)
print "sleep over"
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
消费者ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答，表示已经接收到了数据no_ack=False2、durable 消息不丢失
如果之前的队列为非持久化的，那么之后就不能将其修改为持久化的，必须重新创建一个新的队列，并声明为持久化的队列，并且在发送消息时也要注明是持久化消息才行。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
# #######################生产者######################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道
channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #声明一个消息队列为持久化的队列
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key="chenchao2",
body="Message NO.1",
properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)) #发送消息为持久化的数据
print "sent Message OK!"
connection.close() #关闭连接
生产者durable=Trueproperties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
# #############################消费者########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列（如果队列已经存在，这句可有可无）
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
print body
import time
time.sleep(8)
print "sleep over"
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
消费者3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
# #############################消费者########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列（如果队列已经存在，这句可有可无）
def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
print body
import time
time.sleep(8)
print "sleep over"
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) #获取消息不在按奇偶规则获取
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
消费者4、发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello every consumer2"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='chenchao',
routing_key='',
body=message) #将消息发送到exchange里，通过exchange发送到所有队列
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
发布者channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
type='fanout') #声明类型为fanou名称为chenchao的exchange
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',
queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
订阅者channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定5、关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
type='direct') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello are you Q1???"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='import',
routing_key='Nice',
body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里，通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
生产者type='direct'routing_key='Nice'#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Queue1") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定，并声明关键字
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
订阅者#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Queue2") #将队列与exchange绑定，并声明关键字
channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定，并声明关键字
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
订阅者2type='direct'
routing_key="Nice"
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。
- # 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
- * 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
routing_key="Nice.*"routing_key="Nice.#"
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Are you choosed?"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key='Nice',
body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里，通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
发布者#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic') #声明类型为topic的exchange
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Nice.*") #将队列与exchange绑定，并声明关键字 *代表只能匹配一个
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
订阅者1type='topic'routing_key="Nice.*"#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='192.168.1.108'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key="Nice.#") #将队列与exchange绑定，并声明关键字 #代表只能匹配0个或者多个
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
订阅者2routing_key="Nice.#"