Based on my research, this issue may occur due to corrupt Outlook data file. Since you are using Exchange account, to verify this, we can try switching to non-cache Exchange mode to check if this issue continues. If the problem would be gone in online Exchange mode, please try deleting the old .OST file and then restart Outlook to sync a new one to fix the issue. Basically, the OST file is by default saved in the following folder:
drive:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook
If above doesn't fix the issue, please also try creating a new mail profile in Control Panel and then reconfigure your email accounts in the new mail profile to see the result. For your reference:
在使用outlook时，报错为0x80040119，可能原因是.OST文件文件损坏，只需要将outlook目录下的.ost文件删除即可，然后重启outlook：
目录：\ 用户名\ AppData \Local\Microsoft\Outlook
