Http和Https网络同步请求httpclient和异步请求async-http-client

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/fengshizty/article/details/53100694

    Http和https网络请求

    主要总结一下使用到的网络请求框架，一种是同步网络请求org.apache.httpcomponents的httpclient，另一种是异步网络请求com.ning的async-http-client，总结一下常用的http请求方式封装使用，如post、get、put、delete等，以及涉及到ssl证书https请求的双向证书验证。

    一、apache同步请求httpclient

    1、引入文件

    

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
			<version>4.5.2</version>
		</dependency>

    2、http和https的方法封装

    涉及常用的post和get的请求，https的ssl双向证书验证。

   

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;

/**
 * 创建时间：2016年11月9日 下午4:16:32
 * 
 * @author andy
 * @version 2.2
 */
public class HttpUtils {

	private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
	
	private static final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 5000; //链接超时时间3秒
	
	private static final RequestConfig REQUEST_CONFIG = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build();
	
	private static SSLContext wx_ssl_context = null; //微信支付ssl证书
	
	static{
		Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("wx_apiclient_cert.p12");
		try {
			KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
			char[] keyPassword = ConfigUtil.getProperty("wx.mchid").toCharArray(); //证书密码
			keystore.load(resource.getInputStream(), keyPassword);
			wx_ssl_context = SSLContexts.custom().loadKeyMaterial(keystore, keyPassword).build();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @param headers headers参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers) {

		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
			boolean flag = true; // 是否开始
			for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
				if (flag) {
					param.append("?");
					flag = false;
				} else {
					param.append("&");
				}
				param.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
				
				try {
					param.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), DEFAULT_CHARSET));
				} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
					//编码失败
				}
			}
			url += param.toString();
		}

		String body = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
					.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
					.build();
			HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
			body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (response != null) {
				try {
					response.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

			if (httpClient != null) {
				try {
					httpClient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url) {
		return get(url, null);
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		return get(url, params, null);
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
		List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
				nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
			}
		}

		String body = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
					.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
					.build();
			httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (response != null) {
				try {
					response.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

			if (httpClient != null) {
				try {
					httpClient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param s 参数xml
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String post(String url, String s) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
		String body = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
					.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
					.build();
			httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(s, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (response != null) {
				try {
					response.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

			if (httpClient != null) {
				try {
					httpClient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	 public static String posts(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
		List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
				nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
			}
		}

		String body = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
					.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
					.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLConnectionSocket())
					.build();
			httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (response != null) {
				try {
					response.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

			if (httpClient != null) {
				try {
					httpClient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return body;
	}
	
	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param s 参数xml
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String posts(String url, String s) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
		String body = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
					.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
					.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLConnectionSocket())
					.build();
			httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(s, DEFAULT_CHARSET)); 
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (response != null) {
				try {
					response.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

			if (httpClient != null) {
				try {
					httpClient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return body;
	}

	//获取ssl connection链接
	private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocket() {
		return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(wx_ssl_context, new String[] {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2"}, null,
				SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
	}
}

     二、com.ning异步请求async-http-client

    1、引入文件

    

<dependency>
			<groupId>com.ning</groupId>
			<artifactId>async-http-client</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.40</version>
		</dependency>

    2、http和https的方法封装

    涉及常用的post和get的请求，https的ssl双向证书验证。

import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;

import com.ning.http.client.AsyncHttpClient;
import com.ning.http.client.AsyncHttpClientConfig;
import com.ning.http.client.Response;

/**
 * 创建时间：2016年11月8日 下午5:16:32
 * 
 * @author andy
 * @version 2.2
 */
public class HttpKit {
	
	private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
	
	private static final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 5000; //链接超时时间3秒

	private static SSLContext wx_ssl_context = null; //微信支付ssl证书
	
	static{
		
		Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("wx_apiclient_cert.p12"); //获取微信证书 或者直接从文件流读取
		char[] keyStorePassword = ConfigUtil.getProperty("wx.mchid").toCharArray(); //证书密码
		try {
			KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
			keystore.load(resource.getInputStream(), keyStorePassword);
			KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory
					.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
			keyManagerFactory.init(keystore, keyStorePassword);
			SSLContext wx_ssl_context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
			wx_ssl_context.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), null, new SecureRandom());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @param headers headers参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers) {
		AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
				.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
		AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.prepareGet(url);
		builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			Set<String> keys = params.keySet();
			for (String key : keys) {
				builder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
			}
		}

		if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
			Set<String> keys = headers.keySet();
			for (String key : keys) {
				builder.addHeader(key, params.get(key));
			}
		}
		Future<Response> f = builder.execute();
		String body = null;
		try {
			body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		http.close();
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url) {
		return get(url, null);
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: get 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		return get(url, params, null);
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
		AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
				.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
		AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
		builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			Set<String> keys = params.keySet();
			for (String key : keys) {
				builder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
			}
		}
		Future<Response> f = builder.execute();
		String body = null;
		try {
			body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		http.close();
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post 请求
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param s 参数xml
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String post(String url, String s) {
		AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
				.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
		AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
		builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		builder.setBody(s);
		Future<Response> f = builder.execute();
		String body = null;
		try {
			body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		http.close();
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param params 参数
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String posts(String url, Map<String, String> params){

		AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(
				new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
				.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT)
				.setSSLContext(wx_ssl_context)
				.build());
		AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder bbuilder = http.preparePost(url);
		bbuilder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			Set<String> keys = params.keySet();
			for (String key : keys) {
				bbuilder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
			}
		}
		Future<Response> f = bbuilder.execute();
		String body = null;
		try {
			body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		http.close();
		return body;
	}

	/**
	 * @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
	 * @param url 请求地址
	 * @param s 参数xml
	 * @return 请求失败返回null
	 */
	public static String posts(String url, String s) {
		AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(
				new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
				.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT)
				.setSSLContext(wx_ssl_context).build());
		AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
		builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		builder.setBody(s);
		Future<Response> f = builder.execute();
		String body = null;
		try {
			body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		http.close();
		return body;
	}
}

    三、测试

    相同结果下，对同一网络请求平均测试20次请求性能

         

   

    对于少量的网络请求来说httpclient和异步的async-http-client相差无几，甚至比异步还要快，但是在大量网络请求来说异步性能可能更高，但是上面需要优化如减少链接创建、设置超时时间、设置重试次数等等。