centos 安装oracle12c

从oracle官网下载oracle 12c的内容，本次部署使用的是orace 12c 的12.1.0 的Enterprise Edition版本
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linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
创建用户和组，用于安装oracle
1 2 3 4
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle passwd oracle
用户密码更改为oracle

mkdir /home/oracle/app
mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/app/oradata
mkdir /home/oracle/app/oraInventory
mkdir /home/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area
mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/product

复制linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip与linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip到/home/oracle/app/oracle，并解压

设置 /home/oracle目录权限

1	chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle

创建/etc/oraInst.loc

1 2	inventory_loc=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall

yum相关第三方库

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip

使用su - oracle切换到oracle用户，执行安装脚本

安装数据库主程序

修改database/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=yes

oracle.install.option设置为只安装数据库，监听器及实例配置在后面手动创建。另一个遇到的问题是直接使用INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG时出现acfsutil工具找不到，网上也没有什么解决方案，因此选择INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

执行下面的命令安装oralce

/home/oracle/app/oracle/database/runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -waitforcompletion -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

如果出现可以查看对应的日志文件，另外可以使用-debug输出更详细的安装步骤

执行成功后按提示使用root执行指定的脚本

Oracle Database 12c 的 安装 已成功。
请查看 '/home/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2018-09-08_07-48-40PM.log' 以获取详细资料。

以 root 用户的身份执行以下脚本:
        1. /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

配置监听器

在~/.bashrc配置好环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

执行source ~/.bashrc

编辑database/response/netca.rsp内容，但其实基本不用更改即可安装

grep -Ev "^$|^#" netca.rsp 
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

静默安装监听器

netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp


正在对命令行参数进行语法分析:
参数"silent" = true
参数"responsefile" = /home/oracle/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
完成对命令行参数进行语法分析。
Oracle Net Services 配置:
完成概要文件配置。
Oracle Net 监听程序启动:
    正在运行监听程序控制: 
      /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    监听程序控制完成。
    监听程序已成功启动。
监听程序配置完成。
成功完成 Oracle Net Services 配置。退出代码是0

确认监听器状态

[oracle@bogon oracle]$  lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 08-SEP-2018 21:11:10

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                08-SEP-2018 21:10:32
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 38 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

创建数据库实例

执行下面的命令创建数据库

dbca -silent \
> -createDatabase \
> -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
> -gdbName orcl.example.com \
> -sid orcl \
> -createAsContainerDatabase true \
> -numberOfPdbs 1 \
> -pdbName pdb \
> -pdbadminUsername pdba \
> -pdbadminPassword oracle \
> -SysPassword oracle \
> -SystemPassword oracle \
> -emConfiguration NONE \
> -recoveryAreaDestination $ORACLE_BASE/recovery_area \
> -characterSet "AL32UTF8" \
> -nationalCharacterSet "UTF8" \
> -redoLogFileSize 100

复制数据库文件
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正在创建插接式数据库
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有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/home/oracle/app/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"。

测试实例是否注册成功

[oracle@bogon response]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 08-SEP-2018 21:33:29

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                08-SEP-2018 21:10:32
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 22 min. 56 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl.example.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.example.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb.example.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

登录到数据库，查看实例状态

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 21 13:35:34 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl             OPEN

创建用户并设置权限

使用dba登录
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sqlplus / as sysdba

由于oracle 12c 有CBD(数据库容器)与PDB(可插拔数据库)之分，一般我们只用PDB来创建数据库，因此切换到PDB，查看数据目录，方便下一步创建表空间时指定路径

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB                            READ WRITE NO
         
SQL> alter session set container=PDB;

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb/system01.dbf
/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb/pdb_users01.dbf

创建用户表空间及用户，设置用户权限

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE  test_tbs datafile '/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdb/test_tbs.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 50m maxsize unlimited;

Tablespace created.

# 创建用户(test01)，设置密码(test),并分配表空间(test_tbs)
SQL> create user test01 identified by test default tablespace test_tbs account unlock;

User created.

# 由于表空间为无上限，因此需要再分配权限 
SQL> ALTER USER test01 QUOTA UNLIMITED ON test_tbs;

User altered.

# 用户授权
SQL> grant connect, resource to test01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

查看CBD中可以用的服务,会发现通过pdb.example.com这个service_name是可以远程连接到PDB的。

SQL> col name for a30
SQL>  select name,pdb from v$services;

NAME                           PDB
------------------------------ ------------------------------
pdb.example.com                PDB

开放端口

1 2	firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=1521/tcp firewall-cmd --reload

测试连接

可以使用以下两种方式进行连接
使用EZCONNECT方式进行连接

[oracle@bogon ~]$ sqlplus test01/[email protected]:1521/pdb.example.com

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Sep 9 17:58:25 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

使用TNSNAMES方式进行连接

为了能通过TNSNAMES访问到数据库，需要在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
文件中加入如下内容：

TEST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb.example.com)
    )
  )

使用以下命令访问

[oracle@bogon ~]$ sqlplus test01/test@TEST

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sun Sep 9 18:02:07 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sun Sep 09 2018 18:00:55 +08:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

创建表测试

SQL> create table tbl(name varchar(20),info varchar(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into tbl values('abc','bbb');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from tbl;

NAME                 INFO
-------------------- --------------------
abc                  bbb

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