//创建用户和组
[root@hxdserver ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
//解压之前下载好的安装包
[root@hxdserver ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@hxdserver local]# ls
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz share
[root@hxdserver local]# tar xf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hxdserver local]# ls
bin include libexec sbin
etc lib mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
games lib64 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz src
//创建一个软连接，方便使用
[root@hxdserver local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@hxdserver local]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 9月 25 17:24 mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 9月 25 17:19 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
//修改目录的属主和属组
[root@hxdserver ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 9月 25 17:24 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//添加环境变量
[root@hxdserver ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@hxdserver ~]# . /etc/pro
profile profile.d/ protocols
[root@hxdserver ~]# . /etc/pro
profile profile.d/ protocols
[root@hxdserver ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@hxdserver ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//创建数据储存的目录
[root@hxdserver ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@hxdserver ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@hxdserver ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 9月 25 17:35 data
//初始化数据库
[root@hxdserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2018-09-25T10:22:38.855635Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-09-25T10:22:39.512697Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-09-25T10:22:39.553504Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.640246Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ee1a32a6-c0ac-11e8-be86-000c294b7cb8.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.641568Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.647861Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 08waBnuLEe(> //这里冒号后面的是初始密码
//生成配置文件
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@hxdserver ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@hxdserver ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@hxdserver ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@hxdserver ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/hxdserver.err'.
. SUCCESS!
[root@hxdserver ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 13436 1 0 18:44 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 13614 13436 2 18:44 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=hxdserver.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 13648 12759 0 18:44 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
//修改密码，登录时使用前面所给的初始密码
[root@hxdserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('hxd123456.');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
数据库的基本操作及备份和恢复
//创建数据库和表，并向表中添加内容
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database hxd;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use hxd;
Database changed
mysql> create table student(id int not null,name varchar(20),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table dubai(id int not null,name varchar(50),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc dubai;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student(id,name,age)values(1,'zhangsan',5),(2,'lisi',10),(3,'wangwu',15),(4,'zhaoliu',20);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into dubai(id,name,age)values(1,'tom',5),(2,'jerry',10);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_hxd |
+---------------+
| dubai |
| student |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
备份数据库
//这里我只演示被分到当前主机中，备份到其他主机就如法炮制即可
//备份所有数据库
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > all-201809251900.sql
Enter password:
[root@hxdserver ~]# ls
all-201809251900.sql anaconda-ks.cfg
//备份hxd库的student表和dubai表
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysqldump -u root -p hxd student dubai > table-201809251900.sql
Enter password:
[root@hxdserver ~]# ls
all-201809251900.sql anaconda-ks.cfg table-201809251900.sql
//备份hxd库
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --databases hxd > hxd-201809251900.sql
Enter password:
[root@hxdserver ~]# ls
all-201809251900.sql anaconda-ks.cfg hxd-201809251900.sql table-201809251900.sql
//模拟误删除hxd数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database hxd;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//恢复hxd库
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysql -u root -p < all-201809251900.sql
Enter password:
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//模拟误删除整个数据库后恢复
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database hxd;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysql -u root -p < all-201809251900.sql
Enter password:
[root@hxdserver ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)