生成证书

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# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
#
 
 
 
#
 
# Generate the certificates and keys for testing.
 
#
 
 
 
 
 
PROJECT_NAME="TLS Project"
 
 
 
# Generate the openssl configuration files.
 
cat > ca_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME Dodgy Certificate Authority
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > server_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME
 
 CN                     = 192.168.111.100
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > client_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME Device Certificate
 
 CN                     = 192.168.111.101
 
EOF
 
 
 
mkdir ca
 
mkdir server
 
mkdir client
 
mkdir certDER
 
 
 
# private key generation
 
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024
 
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
 
openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024
 
 
 
# cert requests
 
openssl req -out ca.req -key ca.key -new \
 
            -config ./ca_cert.conf
 
openssl req -out server.req -key server.key -new \
 
            -config ./server_cert.conf
 
openssl req -out client.req -key client.key -new \
 
            -config ./client_cert.conf
 
 
 
# generate the actual certs.
 
openssl x509 -req -in ca.req -out ca.crt \
 
            -sha1 -days 5000 -signkey ca.key
 
openssl x509 -req -in server.req -out server.crt \
 
            -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 \
 
            -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
 
openssl x509 -req -in client.req -out client.crt \
 
            -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 \
 
            -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
 
 
 
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -outform DER -out ca.der
 
openssl x509 -in server.crt -outform DER -out server.der
 
openssl x509 -in client.crt -outform DER -out client.der
 
 
 
mv ca.crt ca.key ca/
 
mv server.crt server.key server/
 
mv client.crt client.key client/
 
 
 
mv ca.der server.der client.der certDER/
 
 
 
rm *.conf
 
rm *.req
 
rm *.srl

将上述代码保存为makefile.sh

做如下修改，终端执行。

修改 CN 域中 IP 地址为你主机/设备的 IP 地址
[可选]加密位数 1024 修改为你需要的加密位数

CA校验证书测试

进行如下测试，以验证证书是否可用：

$openssl verify -CAfile ca/ca.crt server/server.crt

$openssl verify -CAfile ca/ca.crt client/client.crt

结果如下：

配置单/双向认证

step 1.进入配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

step 2.找到 Default listener,在该栏下进行如下配置

再找到Certificate based SSL/TLS support字段.

即：

port 8883

cafile /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca.crt

certfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt

keyfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key

require_certificate true

use_identity_as_username true

根据自己路径不同配置校验文件路径，这里是把文件放在/etc/mosquitto/CA/下

注意!!!

根据单向认证和双向认证需要，可能需修改的字段有：

a) port 8883 // MQTT服务器将选择此端口 listen

b) cafile /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca.crt

双向认证必须配置为你的CA证书

单向认证(通常认为是client校验server证书，下同)可选配置

单向认证中，server 和 client 端 ca 配置必须保持一致。即 server 若配置 ca.crt ,则 client 必须配置 ca.crt， server 不配置ca.crt ,client 也不可配置 ca.crt

路径必须为绝对路径！！！

c) certfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt

单项认证和双向认证都必须配置为你的server证书

d) keyfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key

单项认证和双向认证都必须配置为你的server私钥

e) require_certificate true

单向认证需设置为 false,注释此行，默认也是 false

双向认证必须配置为true

f) use_identity_as_username true

单向认证设置为 false,注释此行，默认也是 false

双向认证通常设置为true

从上面可以看出，双向和单项认证的区别是，除了需要单向SSL认证需要的CA的证书，服务器端的公钥和私钥的证书之外，还需要开启下面的两个开关。

require_certificate true

use_identity_as_username true

重启服务

mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

如果提示端口被占用，先ps出mosquitto，再kill掉

ps -aux | grep "mosquitto"

kill -9 XXXXX

单双向切换

单向认证只需要注释两行即可:

#require_certificate true

#use_identity_as_username true

如下：

port 8883

cafile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca/ca.crt

certfile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt

keyfile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key

同时打开单双向认证

step 1.

在先将/etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 文件按上面配置默认打开双向认证，再找到 Extra listener字段

进行如下配置，打开另一个端口用作单向认证

step 2.

再在该字段下找到Certificate based SSL/TLS support字段

step 3.重启服务

mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

验证

step 1.进入到CA证书目录下：

step 2.双向：

终端一：订阅

mosquitto_sub -h 10.30.11.47  -p 8883 -t "mqtt/server/topic" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt --cert ./client/client.pem --key ./client/client.key &

终端二：发布

mosquitto_pub -h 10.30.11.47  -p 8883 -t "mqtt/server/topic" -m "hello,world!" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt --cert ./server/server.pem --key ./server/server.key

step 3. 单向