版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/Sophisticated_/article/details/83023706
操作系统：
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
1. GCC编译
echo 'main(){}'|gcc -E -v -
输出结果：
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/cc1 -E -quiet -v - -mtune=generic -march=x86-64
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
main(){}
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
#include <…> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/include
默认会在上述路径查找头文件
2. 交叉编译
echo 'main(){}'|arm-linux-gcc -E -v -
输出结果：
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc.br_real
Target: arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ./configure --prefix=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --sysconfdir=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/etc --enable-static --target=arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --disable-__cxa_atexit --with-gnu-ld --disable-libssp --disable-multilib --with-gmp=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-mpfr=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-pkgversion='Buildroot 2016.02' --with-bugurl=http://bugs.buildroot.net/ --disable-libquadmath --enable-tls --disable-libmudflap --enable-threads --with-mpc=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --without-isl --without-cloog --with-float=soft --disable-decimal-float --with-abi=aapcs-linux --with-cpu=cortex-a9 --with-float=soft --with-mode=arm --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-build-time-tools=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin --enable-shared --disable-libgomp
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.3.0 (Buildroot 2016.02)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/cc1 -E -quiet -v -isysroot /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot - -mcpu=cortex-a9 -mfloat-abi=soft -mabi=aapcs-linux -marm -mtls-dialect=gnu -Os
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/local/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
main(){}
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
#include <…> search starts here:
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/…/…/…/…/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include
默认会在上述路径查找头文件，即交叉编译工具链的目录下
与linux内核有关的编译
例如驱动程序。在编译时的Makefile中指定内核源码目录：
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
使用-C手动指定内核源码目录
若 /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build 没有指定的源码，使用yun install kernel-devel安装（CentOS系统）。
编译参数
-I （大写i） 指定寻找头文件目录
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0
去/root/libpcap-1.9.0目录下寻找pcap.h头文件
-L（大写l）指定寻找库文件目录
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0 -o pktanalyze -L./ -lpcap
在./目录（当前目录）下寻找需要链接的pcap库
-l（小写l）指定程序所需库文件
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0 -o pktanalyze -L./ -lpcap
指定程序链接的库，把库文件名的头lib和尾.so去掉就是库名了。