@property用法

限制参数范围，常规可用：

class Student(object):

    def get_score(self):
         return self._score

    def set_score(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value

对参数进行设置时：

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.set_score(60) # ok!
>>> s.get_score()
60
>>> s.set_score(9999)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!

Python内置的@property装饰器可以把一个方法变成属性调用，上述就可以简化成

class Student(object):

    @property
    def score(self):
        return self._score

    @score.setter
    def score(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.score = 60 # OK，实际转化为s.set_score(60)
>>> s.score # OK，实际转化为s.get_score()
60
>>> s.score = 9999
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!