Java并发-深入理解ThreadLocal

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一、ThreadLocal是什么?

ThreadLocal与线程同步机制不同,线程同步机制是多个线程共享同一个变量,而ThreadLocal是为每一个线程创建一个单独的变量副本,故而每个线程都可以独立地改变自己所拥有的变量副本,而不会影响其他线程所对应的副本。可以说ThreadLocal为多线程环境下变量问题提供了另外一种解决思路。

二、ThreadLocal常用方法的源码

1、set()方法

//set操作,为线程绑定变量
public void set(T value) {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();//1.首先获取当前线程对象
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);//2.获取该线程对象的ThreadLocalMap
    if (map != null)
        map.set(this, value);//如果map不为空,执行set操作,以当前threadLocal对象为key,实际存储对象为value进行set操作
    else
        createMap(t, value);//如果map为空,则为该线程创建ThreadLocalMap
}

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
    return t.threadLocals;//线程对象持有ThreadLocalMap的引用
}

//线程t.threadLocals定义
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
1. `ThreadLocal`仅仅是个变量访问的入口;
2. 每一个`Thread对象`都有一个`ThreadLocalMap对象`;

2、get()方法

public T get() {
     Thread t = Thread.currentThread();//1.首先获取当前线程
     ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);//2.获取线程的map对象
     if (map != null) {//3.如果map不为空,以threadlocal实例为key获取到对应Entry,然后从Entry中取出对象即可。
         ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
         if (e != null)
             return (T)e.value;
     }
     return setInitialValue();//如果map为空,也就是第一次没有调用set直接get(或者调用过set,又调用了remove)时,为其设定初始值
}

private T setInitialValue() {
    T value = initialValue();//获取初始值
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null)
        map.set(this, value);
    else
        createMap(t, value);
    return value;
}

//initialValue方法,默认是null,访问权限是protected,即允许重写。
protected T initialValue() {
    return null;
}

三、使用示例

public class SeqCount {

    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
        // 实现initialValue()
        public Integer initialValue() {
            return 0;
        }
    };

    public int nextSeq(){
        threadLocal.set(threadLocal.get() + 1);

        return threadLocal.get();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SeqCount seqCount = new SeqCount();

         //每个线程里map的key都一样(threadLocal实例为同一个)
        SeqThread thread1 = new SeqThread(seqCount);
        SeqThread thread2 = new SeqThread(seqCount);
        SeqThread thread3 = new SeqThread(seqCount);
        SeqThread thread4 = new SeqThread(seqCount);

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
        thread4.start();
    }

    private static class SeqThread extends Thread {
        private SeqCount seqCount;

        SeqThread(SeqCount seqCount) {
            this.seqCount = seqCount;
        }

        public void run() {
            for(int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " seqCount :" + seqCount.nextSeq());
            }
        }
    }
}

//执行结果
Thread-0 seqCount :1
Thread-0 seqCount :2
Thread-0 seqCount :3
Thread-2 seqCount :1
Thread-2 seqCount :2
Thread-2 seqCount :3
Thread-1 seqCount :1
Thread-1 seqCount :2
Thread-1 seqCount :3
Thread-3 seqCount :1
Thread-3 seqCount :2
Thread-3 seqCount :3

四、Thread、ThreadLocal、ThreadLocalMap关系图

这里写图片描述

每个thread中都存在一个map,map的类型是ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap。Map中的key为一个threadlocal实例(引用)。

五、应用场景

ThreadLocal在spring的事务管理,包括Hibernate的session管理等都有出现,在web开发中,有时会用来管理用户会话 HttpSession,web交互中这种典型的一请求一线程的场景比较适合使用ThreadLocal。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/hehuanchun0311/article/details/80898786