Centos 7上安装及配置MySQL 5.6.26

版权声明：开源，欢迎大家转载！ https://blog.csdn.net/Rain_xiaolong/article/details/82457539

1、卸载系统自带Mariadb

Centos7 已经不自带MySQL，自带内部集成了Mariadb，而安装MySQL的话会和Mariadb的文件冲突，所以需要先卸载掉Mariadb，再安装MySQL。

[root@langer ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb                     // 列出mariadb相关已安装包 mariadb-libs-5.5.40-1.el7_0.x86_64                      // 本例中找到的相关RPM包 [root@langer ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.40-1.el7_0.x86_64      // 卸载上面找到的所有相关RPM包 [root@langer ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb                         // 在卸载完以后再次用此命令来查看 [root@langer~]#                                         // 未查找到，表明mariadb已经卸载成功！！

2、准备MySQL安装包

我们只需要MySQL的两个包：

包	下载地址
MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm	链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVKvcpT 密码：swyc
MySQL-client-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm	链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i5jRwep 密码：29cg

将这些包下载来传到前面说的服务器的/data/AtlassianResource中

3、开始安装MySQL

先装MySQL-server，再装MySQL-client：

[root@langer ~]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch [root@langer ~]# yum -y install perl [root@langer ~]# yum -y install libaio                                                                   // CentOS7最小版本安装MySQL找不到Perl的依赖包的解决办法，或MySQL通过rpm包方式安装时，不会执行mysql_install_db从而生成/root/.mysql_secret等，是缺少上面这3个依赖，所以我们先装下(如果已有会提示你无需安装)，以免安装过程出错要卸载重装更麻烦。 [root@langer ~]# cd /data/AtlassianResource                                                // 进入AtlassianResource目录下 [root@langer AtlassianResource]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm             // 执行安装MySQL-server，安装过程有如下提示（若Centos最小化安装，可能还需要依赖包：yum -y install libaio、yum -y install perl和yum -y install perl-Module-Install.noarch）： Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]    1:MySQL-server           ########################################### [100%] warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root 2015-01-20 13:10:42 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:42 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2015-01-20 13:10:43 5645 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 0 A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] Binlog end 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2015-01-20 13:10:44 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5645 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 2015-01-20 13:10:45 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 1625977 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] Binlog end 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2015-01-20 13:10:45 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2015-01-20 13:10:47 5667 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER ! You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.                                      // 此句提示你默认mysql的root用户随机密码存放于“/root/.mysql_secret”中 You must change that password on your first connect, no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted. See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag. Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed. In addition, you can run:   /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test database. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at   http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and                                     // 此句提示你mysql的配置文件位置“/usr/my.cnf” will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings [root@langer AtlassianResource]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm             // 执行安装MySQL-client Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]    1:MySQL-client           ########################################### [100%] [root@langer AtlassianResource]#                                                           // 安装成功

下面为MySQL RPM安装方式文件分布（有需要的可看看）：

目录	说明
/usr/bin	客户端程序和可执行文件、脚本
/usr/sbin	服务端程序
/var/lib/mysql	日志文件、数据库文件  ［重点要知道这个］
/usr/share/info	信息文件
/usr/share/man	联机帮助文档目录
/usr/include/mysql	C头文件目录
/usr/lib/mysql	lib库文件目录
/usr/share/mysql	其他支持文件，包括错误信息，字符集文件，示例配置文件，SQL数据库的安装
/usr/share/sql-bench	基准程序

MySQL启动与关闭命令：

[root@langer ~]# service mysql start                                                // 启动命令 [root@langer ~]# service mysql stop                                                 // 停止命令

4、配置MySQL

MySQL安装完毕后，我们还需要进行一些配置。这些配置是根据官方文档以及个人经验整理出来的，如不做这些配置，可能造成中文字符乱码、大文件附件无法上传、大插件无法安装等问题。

• 修改MySQL root用户的默认密码(不改的话，不能用root用户创建新库、查询数据等)

[root@langer ~]# service mysql start                                                // 启动MySQL [root@langer ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret                                            // 查看MySQL root用户的默认随机密码 # The random password set for the root user at Tue Jan 20 13:10:43 2015 (local time): F76Wy1A4G9ZuLcaG [root@langer ~]# mysqladmin -u root -pF76Wy1A4G9ZuLcaG password F76Wy1A4G9ZuLcaH    // 改密命令格式：mysqladmin -u 用户名 -p原密码 password 新密码(注意-p后面不要有空格)，本例将原密码末尾字母G改成H。 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.            // 看到此句表明密码已经修改成功 [root@langer ~]# mysql -u root -p                                                   // 用新密码登录看看 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 16 Server version: 5.6.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>                                                                              // 新密码登录成功 mysql> exit                                                                         // 退出MySQL Bye [root@langer ~]# [root@langer ~]# rm -rf /root/.mysql_secret                                         // 这个文件可以删除了，我们已经改密了，它已经没有存在的价值了。（新密码记得记录保存好噢噢噢！）

• 修改MySQL my.cnf配置文件

[root@langer ~]# service mysql stop                                                 // 先停止MySQL服务 [root@langer ~]# vi /usr/my.cnf                                                     // 编辑my.cnf配置文件，下文中标“[###]”的行为添加或修改过的配置 # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysql]                                                                             // [###] default-character-set=utf8                                                          // [###] [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # socket = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED                                              // [###] max_allowed_packet=128M                                                             // [###] innodb_log_file_size=512M                                                           // [###] innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M                                                        // [###] innodb_file_per_table=1                                                             // [###] collation-server=utf8_bin                                                           // [###] character-set-server=utf8                                                           // [###] default-storage-engine=INNODB                                                       // [###] performance_schema_max_table_instances=400                                          // [###] 此行和下面两行配置，添加后，若MySQL无法启动，则请删除；若可正常启动，则最好添加上。 table_definition_cache=400                                                          // [###] table_open_cache=256                                                                // [###] [root@langer mysql]# cd /var/lib/mysql/                                             // 进入这个目录，ls下我们可看到两个文件ib_logfile0和ib_logfile1 [root@langer mysql]# rm -rf ib_logfile*                                             // 删除这两个文件 [root@langer mysql]# service mysql start                                            // 重新启动MySQL服务，后面看配置是否生效 [root@langer mysql]# mysql -u root -p                                               // 登录MySQL Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 18848 Server version: 5.6.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show VARIABLES like '%max_allowed_packet%';                                  // 查看最大包限制大小 +--------------------------+------------+ | Variable_name            | Value      | +--------------------------+------------+ | max_allowed_packet       | 134217728  | | slave_max_allowed_packet | 1073741824 | +--------------------------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';                                            // 查看字符集变量 +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name            | Value                      | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client     | utf8                       | | character_set_connection | utf8                       | | character_set_database   | utf8                       | | character_set_filesystem | binary                     | | character_set_results    | utf8                       | | character_set_server     | utf8                       | | character_set_system     | utf8                       | | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>                                                                              // 看到上面这些配置，表示我们前面修改的配置已经生效了。