docker容器常用的操作命令

docker 容器 常用的操作命令

1、docker run 新建并运行容器

docker run -it centos ： 运行一个 centos 容器

[root@localhost java]# docker run -it 75835a67d134
[root@6d69ff2cbd03 /]# cd /
[root@6d69ff2cbd03 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@6d69ff2cbd03 /]# pwd
/
[root@6d69ff2cbd03 /]# 

打开一个新的终端，查看 docker中运行的容器

[root@localhost java]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6d69ff2cbd03        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         26 seconds ago      Up 25 seconds                           dreamy_chandrasekhar
[root@localhost java]# 

1.1、--name 别名 给容器起别名

docker run -it --name mycentos124 centos: 运行一个 centos 容器，并通过--name参数指定一个别名为mycentos111

[root@localhost java]# docker run -it --name mycentos111 75835a67d134
[root@129ff84a96b4 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@129ff84a96b4 /]# 

docker ps命令查看正在运行的容器，最后一列names为刚才指定的别名

[root@localhost java]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         18 seconds ago      Up 17 seconds                           mycentos111
[root@localhost java]# 

2、docker ps 列出当前docker中 正在运行 的 容器

docker ps ：列出当前docker中 正在运行 的 容器

docker ps：

[root@localhost java]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
7ba0aaaccee9        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         11 seconds ago      Up 9 seconds                            pensive_hypatia

2.1、docker ps [option] ：

-a： 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史上运行过的容器
-l： 显示 上一次运行过的容器
-n： 显示 上 n 次运行过的容器
-q： 静默模式，只显示容器编号
--no-trunc： 不截断输出

docker ps -a:（列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史上运行过的容器）

[root@localhost java]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
7ba0aaaccee9        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"              10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                          pensive_hypatia
b25d05ece250        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 days ago          Exited (255) 15 minutes ago                       priceless_morse
d4cca0323327        centos              "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                             determined_meninsky
6f0d900f3a0e        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (137) 3 days ago                           mycentos
d38621653e1b        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"              3 days ago          Exited (137) 3 days ago                           lucid_shtern
8d177f15646c        4ab4c602aa5e        "/hello"                 3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                             dreamy_hopper
678219b66f73        4ab4c602aa5e        "/hello"                 3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                             suspicious_yonath

docker ps -l: （显示 上一次运行过的容器）

[root@localhost java]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
7ba0aaaccee9        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                       pensive_hypatia

docker ps -n num ：（显示 最近运行过的 num 个容器）

docker ps -n 2 ：最近运行过的2个容器

[root@localhost /]#  docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Up 10 minutes                               mycentos111
6d69ff2cbd03        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Exited (0) 9 days ago                       dreamy_chandrasekhar
[root@localhost /]# 

docker ps -lq：（显示 上一次运行过的容器的 容器id）

[root@localhost java]# docker ps -lq
7ba0aaaccee9

docker ps -aq： (列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史上运行过的容器的 容器id)

[root@localhost java]# docker ps -aq
7ba0aaaccee9
b25d05ece250
d4cca0323327
6f0d900f3a0e
d38621653e1b
8d177f15646c
678219b66f73

3、docker start 启动容器（已停止运行的容器）

[root@localhost java]# docker ps -l       # 查看上一次运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         20 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 seconds ago                       mycentos111
[root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# docker start 129ff84a96b4  #重新启动容器，129ff84a96b4是容器的id
129ff84a96b4
[root@localhost java]# 

4、docker run 与 docker start的区别

相同点：

都能启动容器。

不同点：

docker run ：启动的是镜像，通过镜像创建容器，并启动。
docker start ：启动的是历史的容器；

docker run 只在第一次运行容器时，需要通过 镜像 创建 容器。以后再次启动这个容器时，只需要使用命令 docker start 即可。
docker run 相当于执行了两步操作：

• 1.将镜像放入容器中（docker create）；
• 2.然后将容器启动，使之变成运行时容器（docker start）。

docker start：
docker start 的作用是，重新启动已存在的容器。
使用这个命令，我们必须事先知道这个容器的ID，可以使用docker ps 的命令找到这个容器的信息，然后 使用 docker start 命令启动容器。

5、 docker restart 将正在运行的容器 重启

[root@localhost java]# docker ps   # 查看正在运行的容器，STATUS是7分钟
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         28 minutes ago      Up 7 minutes                            mycentos111
[root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# docker restart 129ff84a96b4   # 重启容器
129ff84a96b4                                         # 重启完毕后，返回一个容器id
[root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# docker ps    #查看正在运行的容器，STATUS是4秒钟
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         29 minutes ago      Up 4 seconds                            mycentos111
[root@localhost java]# 

6、 docker stop 容器ID 温柔停止容器

执行时，需要等一段时间

7、docker kill 容器ID 强制停止容器

强制执行，立马完成

8、docker rm 容器ID 删除已停止的容器

[root@localhost /]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Up 35 minutes                               mycentos111
6d69ff2cbd03        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Exited (0) 9 days ago                       dreamy_chandrasekhar
[root@localhost /]# docker rm 6d69ff2cbd03
6d69ff2cbd03
[root@localhost /]# 

无法删除正在运行的容器，会报错的

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Up 21 seconds                           mycentos111
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker rm 129ff84a96b4
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 129ff84a96b41936b40f5d3d018444c71fbe0837f9c75fa3e66c4761e48fe094. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

8.1、docker rmi 镜像ID 删除镜像

8.2、docker rm -f 容器ID 强制删除容器（包括正在运行和停止的容器）

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
129ff84a96b4        75835a67d134        "/bin/bash"         9 days ago          Up 21 seconds                           mycentos111
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker rm 129ff84a96b4
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 129ff84a96b41936b40f5d3d018444c71fbe0837f9c75fa3e66c4761e48fe094. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker rm -f 129ff84a96b4
129ff84a96b4
[root@localhost /]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost /]# 

8.3、一次性删除多个容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm

9、docker run -d 容器名 启动守护式容器（后台模式创建并运行容器）

docker run -d centos

用docker ps -a进行查看，发现容器已经退出 。
很重要的产明一点：Docker容器后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程 。
容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令（如top、tail），就是会自动退出 。

以nginx为例，启动服务service nginx start ，
但是nginx为后台进程模式运行，就导致docker前台没有运行的应用，
这样的容器后启启动后，会立即自杀，因为它觉得它没事可做。

最佳解决方案是 将要运行的程序 以 前台进程 的形式运行 。

10、docker log 容器id 查看容器日志

参数说明：
-t： 加入时间戳
-f： 实时打印出最新的日志
--tail： 显示最后多少条

先运行一段程序：
while true; do echo hello zzyy; sleep 2; done

[root@localhost java]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost java]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh  -c  "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
2db1ff5cc3a18cc869e931de7109a34a5fd02a26df610cc1fca12e06e00a96b4
[root@localhost java]#

[root@localhost java]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2db1ff5cc3a1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                           elastic_bhaskara
[root@localhost java]# 

docker logs 2db1ff5cc3a1：一次性显示所有的日志

[root@localhost java]# docker logs 2db1ff5cc3a1
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy
hello zzyy

docker logs -t --tail 5一次性显示最新的5条日志，并加上时间戳

[root@localhost java]# docker logs -t  --tail 5 2db1ff5cc3a1
2018-11-08T09:47:00.808550916Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:02.812877422Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:04.816929773Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:06.821516115Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:08.825211232Z hello zzyy

docker logs -t -f --tail 5:刚开始显示出最新5条日志，并实时动态打印出最新的日志

[root@localhost java]# docker logs -t -f  --tail 5 2db1ff5cc3a1
2018-11-08T09:47:04.816929773Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:06.821516115Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:08.825211232Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:10.827242700Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:12.831193573Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:14.835069567Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:16.840180042Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:18.841954295Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:20.844636084Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:22.848753931Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:24.851426354Z hello zzyy
2018-11-08T09:47:26.854595560Z hello zzyy
.....（实时动态打印出最新的日志）

前期数据准备
docker run -it centos

[root@localhost java]# docker run -it centos
[root@f809b6f11262 /]#  
[root@f809b6f11262 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

Ctrl + p + q：退出不停止容器

[root@f809b6f11262 /]# [root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# 

验证，容器还在运行中

[root@localhost java]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f809b6f11262        centos              "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            kind_ardinghelli
2db1ff5cc3a1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   27 minutes ago      Up 27 minutes                           elastic_bhaskara
[root@localhost java]# 

11、docker top 容器ID 查看 容器内运行的进程

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e5c067f6cf05        centos              "/bin/bash"         15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                           boring_yonath
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker top e5c067f6cf05
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                9647                9630                0                   10:10               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
[root@localhost /]# 

12、docker inspect 容器ID 查看 容器 内部 细节

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e5c067f6cf05        centos              "/bin/bash"         15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                           boring_yonath
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect  e5c067f6cf05
[
    {
        "Id": "e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948",
        "Created": "2018-11-17T02:10:42.752667811Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 9647,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2018-11-17T02:10:43.39905234Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:75835a67d1341bdc7f4cc4ed9fa1631a7d7b6998e9327272afea342d90c4ab6d",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948/e5c067f6cf05a0c1a0b59c9c50d8110bb51c450ef5dd3fc66e0d5dc809ae4948-json.log",
        "Name": "/boring_yonath",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "shareable",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb776128c5941c3b929889fe4b1289a7b513d6f302a3ebec13ad4eb8d9b22ab1-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a90bdbf605bdab60f549f72471d9dd13e1a42c8a1a72d311a4ea393ad518666d/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb776128c5941c3b929889fe4b1289a7b513d6f302a3ebec13ad4eb8d9b22ab1/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb776128c5941c3b929889fe4b1289a7b513d6f302a3ebec13ad4eb8d9b22ab1/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb776128c5941c3b929889fe4b1289a7b513d6f302a3ebec13ad4eb8d9b22ab1/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "e5c067f6cf05",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181006",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "8e1661f0fbc96610eb4ab01d0166443e8189ca759329ca95150cb989d1af2917",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8e1661f0fbc9",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "006fb5b926d54daadcda188369236be67908bbdb1310e79f0b636abc77cb73a5",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b86eaa6c95246202448c80efc996de4d9b35badd9ed3fbc824447f81490f7e0a",
                    "EndpointID": "006fb5b926d54daadcda188369236be67908bbdb1310e79f0b636abc77cb73a5",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost /]# 

13、进入正在运行的容器

13.1、 docker attach 容器id

docker attach 容器id：从宿主机 进入容器中

[root@localhost java]# docker attach f809b6f11262
[root@f809b6f11262 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@f809b6f11262 /]# 

13.2、docker exec

13.2.1 、docker exec -it 容器ID 进入容器中

docker exec -it 容器ID 和 docker attach 容器id 是等价的。

示例：

[root@localhost java]# docker exec -it 81bc97b5bc57 /bin/sh
sh-4.2# 
sh-4.2#  
sh-4.2# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin	dev  etc  home	lib  lib64  media  mnt	opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr	var

参数：

• -t 表示 客户端；
• -i 表示 交互 。

13.2.2、docker exec -t 容器id shell命令

在宿主机中，不用进入容器中，对容器发出 执行命令

[root@localhost java]# docker run -it centos
[root@81bc97b5bc57 /]# 
[root@81bc97b5bc57 /]# [root@localhost java]#  #【此处是退出不停止容器】
[root@localhost java]# 
[root@localhost java]# docker exec -t 81bc97b5bc57 ls -l /tmp
total 4
-rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct  6 19:15 ks-script-7RxiSx
-rw-------. 1 root root   0 Oct  6 19:14 yum.log
[root@localhost java]# 

docker exec -t 81bc97b5bc57 ls -l /tmp 说明：

• docker exec -t 81bc97b5bc57 是 docker exec -t 容器id，在宿主机中，而不是在容器中，对容器执行命令。
• ls -l /tmp 是显示目录tmp的结构。
  二者联在一块就是在宿主机中执行对容器的tmp目录的显示操作

13.2.3、docker attach 与 docker exec 的区别

docker attach: 直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程；

docker exec：既可以 直接进入容器启动命令的终端，也可以在宿主机中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程

14、docker cp 容器ID:容器路径 宿主机目录

终端A：（进入容器，并执行写入操作）

[root@localhost /]# docker attach e5c067f6cf05
[root@e5c067f6cf05 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@e5c067f6cf05 /]# cd tmp/
[root@e5c067f6cf05 tmp]# ls
ks-script-7RxiSx  yum.log
[root@e5c067f6cf05 tmp]# cat yum.log 
[root@e5c067f6cf05 tmp]# echo "aaaaaaaa" > yum.log 
[root@e5c067f6cf05 tmp]# cat yum.log 
aaaaaaaa

终端B：

在宿主机中 ，从容器中复制文件，格式：docker cp 容器ID:路径 宿主机目录

[root@localhost java]# ls
公共  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
[root@localhost java]# cd 桌面
[root@localhost 桌面]# ls
[root@localhost 桌面]# 
[root@localhost 桌面]# mkdir tmp
[root@localhost 桌面]# cd tmp/
[root@localhost tmp]# docker cp e5c067f6cf05:/tmp/yum.log  ./
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
yum.log
[root@localhost tmp]# cat yum.log 
aaaaaaaa
[root@localhost tmp]#