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os: centos 7.4
db: oracle 18c(18.3)
虽然 sqlplus 不太好用，但经常是必须用。
使用 sqlplus 登录数据库
$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Nov 23 11:06:57 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
SQL>
查看帮助
SQL> help
HELP
----
Accesses this command line help system. Enter HELP INDEX or ? INDEX
for a list of topics.
You can view SQL*Plus resources at
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/
******************************************************************************
** Top 12.2 features: **
** - Fast retrieval of data as CSV for use in applications like **
** SQL*Loader. Use SQLPLUS -M "CSV ON" or SET MARKUP CSV ON **
** - Improved defaults and optimizations for reports. Use SQLPLUS -F **
** - Command recall. Use SET HISTORY ON and HISTORY to list previous **
** commands. **
******************************************************************************
HELP|? [topic]
SQL> help index
Enter Help [topic] for help.
@ COPY PASSWORD SHOW
@@ DEFINE PAUSE SHUTDOWN
/ DEL PRINT SPOOL
ACCEPT DESCRIBE PROMPT SQLPLUS
APPEND DISCONNECT QUIT START
ARCHIVE LOG EDIT RECOVER STARTUP
ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REMARK STORE
BREAK EXIT REPFOOTER TIMING
BTITLE GET REPHEADER TTITLE
CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE
CLEAR HISTORY RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE
COLUMN HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR
COMPUTE INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR
CONNECT LIST SET XQUERY
column 控制列的显示宽度
在sqlplus下查询的输出丑到爆表，怎么简单输出看起来漂亮些。
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CON_ID
----------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
0
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CON_ID
----------
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
SQL>
SQL> desc v$version;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
BANNER VARCHAR2(80)
BANNER_FULL VARCHAR2(160)
BANNER_LEGACY VARCHAR2(80)
CON_ID NUMBER
控制显示宽度是最常用的格式化方式了
SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> set pagesize 200;
SQL> col BANNER format a40;
col BANNER_FULL format a40;
col BANNER_LEGACY format a40;
col CON_ID format 999999;
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER BANNER_FULL BANNER_LEGACY CON_ID
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R 0
elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
是不是好很多了。
清除列的设置
SQL> col BANNER clear
SQL> clear columns
参考：
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqpug/index.html
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqprn/index.html#SQPRN101
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqpqr/index.html#SQPQR101