GUI tkinter与偏函数的应用

版本：python3.6

模块：functools,tkinter

在python3.6中，模块名称是tkinter而不是Tkinter，tkMessageBox也由单独的模块整合进了tkinter.messagebox。

借助偏函数锁定参数的功能可以按类‘批量’设置tkinter中的控件，使语句更加简练。

from functools import partial
from tkinter import Tk,Button,X, messagebox

WARN = 'warn'
CRIT = 'crit'
REGU = 'regu'

SIGNS = {
    'do not enter': CRIT,
    'railroad':WARN,
    '55\nspeed limit':REGU,
    'wrong way':CRIT,
    'merging traffic':WARN,
    'one way':REGU,
}

critCom = lambda: messagebox.showerror('Error','Error Button Pressed!') #需要lambda赋值为函数，否则只是直接执行showerror
reguCom = lambda: messagebox.showinfo('Info','Regular Handle, Sit Down!')
warnCom = lambda: messagebox.showwarning('Warning','Warning Button Pressed!')

top = Tk()
top.title('Road Signs')
top.geometry('250x300')
Button(top,text='QUIT',command = top.quit,bg = 'red', fg = 'white').pack(fill = X , expand = 0)

MyButton = partial(Button,top) #第一阶模块化Button
CritButton = partial(MyButton,command = critCom, bg = 'white', fg = 'red')  #第二阶模块化Button
WarnButton = partial(MyButton,command = warnCom, bg = 'goldenrod1')
ReguButton = partial(MyButton, command = reguCom, bg = 'white')

for eachsign in SIGNS:
    signtype = SIGNS[eachsign]
    cmd = '%sButton(text = %r%s).pack(fill = X, expand = 1)'%(signtype.title(),eachsign,'.upper()' if signtype ==CRIT else '.title()') #-r会给字符串加单引号
    eval(cmd)        #将字符串转换成可以执行的命令语句

top.mainloop()

 输出如下：