zuul实现反向代理与负载均衡

1.前言

网上都说zuul是路由网关，对外暴露api,例如ios，安卓等客户端请求的api都是经过zuul网关，然后由zuul做路由实现请求转换，这里的原理我也不是很懂，只是知道这么用法，详细可以找找资料了解一下，这个时候zuul就有点像nginx起到了反向代理的作用，但是我很好奇，那zuul能不能跟nginx一样做到负载均衡的效果呢？答案是:YES

核心：zuul拦截对应的api前缀请求做转发转发到对应的 serverId上，在eureka服务上同一个serverId可以对应多个服务，也就是说用同一个项目不同的端口注册两个服务，但是serverId是一样 zuul做转发的时候会结合eureka-server起到负载均衡的效果

2.数据准备

创建3个springboot项目 1.eureka注册中心 2.zuul路由网关服务 3.服务提供者（例如：会员服务）端口一个8083 一个8083

-erurka注册中心 port:8761

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.jiuzhem</groupId>
   <artifactId>wallet</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>wallet</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
       <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
       <relativePath/> 
   </parent>

   <properties>
       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
       <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
       <java.version>1.8</java.version>
       <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
           <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
               <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
               <type>pom</type>
               <scope>import</scope>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
       <plugins>
           <plugin>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           </plugin>
       </plugins>
   </build>

   <repositories>
       <repository>
           <id>spring-snapshots</id>
           <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
           <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
           <snapshots>
               <enabled>true</enabled>
           </snapshots>
       </repository>
       <repository>
           <id>spring-milestones</id>
           <name>Spring Milestones</name>
           <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
           <snapshots>
               <enabled>false</enabled>
           </snapshots>
       </repository>
   </repositories>

</project>

配置信息：
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

代码Application run：

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package com.jiuzhem.wallet;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class WalletApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       SpringApplication.run(WalletApplication.class, args);
       System.out.println("eureka启动成功");
   }
}

-会员服务 A port:8083

#################spring cloud基础配置#################
server.port=8083
spring.application.name=wallet-provider
#告诉他要去哪里注册eureka服务
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

-会员服务 B port:8084

他们的ServiceID都叫 wallet-provider

-Zuul服务 port:8762

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.jiuzhm</groupId>
   <artifactId>zuul</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>zuul</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
       <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
       <relativePath/> 
   </parent>

   <properties>
       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
       <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
       <java.version>1.8</java.version>
       <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
           <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>

   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
               <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
               <type>pom</type>
               <scope>import</scope>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
       <plugins>
           <plugin>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           </plugin>
       </plugins>
   </build>

   <repositories>
       <repository>
           <id>spring-snapshots</id>
           <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
           <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
           <snapshots>
               <enabled>true</enabled>
           </snapshots>
       </repository>
       <repository>
           <id>spring-milestones</id>
           <name>Spring Milestones</name>
           <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
           <snapshots>
               <enabled>false</enabled>
           </snapshots>
       </repository>
   </repositories>

</project>

zuul配置：

eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: wallet-zuul
zuul:
host:
connect-timeout-millis: 10000
socket-timeout-millis: 60000
routes:
api-wallet:
path: /wallet/**
serviceId: WALLET-PROVIDER

hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 60000
ConnectTimeout: 60000
#如果未配置以上的超时时间就会com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException: Forwarding error报错

代码：

package com.jiuzhm.zuul;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication

public class ZuulApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
       System.out.println("zuul启动成功");
   }
}

效果：

eureka服务注册中心可以看到WALLET-PROVIDER有两个服务实例

先测试访问以下会员服务A 8083

会员服务 B 8084

通过zuul路由拦截/wallet/前缀打头的请求我们拼接以下请求api

http://localhost:port/拦截字符串/访问的服务URI

----> http://localhost:8762/wallet/web/getPort

页面刷新几次就可以看到他们爱不停的切换了

这样就达到了nginx的负载均衡的效果了就算一个服务实例停掉了也可以访问另外一个服务

转自 https://blog.csdn.net/linpeng_1/article/details/80400827

zuul实现反向代理与负载均衡

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