Step1: 检查硬件和系统
检查版本和类型：ubuntu-drivers devices
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers list
nvidia-driver-390
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001B06sv00001458sd0000374Cbc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free recommended
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
这里显示，390是推荐的版本（recommended)
检查自己的GPU是否是CUDA-capable
$ lspci | grep -i nvidia
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
然后，可去CUDA的官网查看自己的GPU版本是否在CUDA的支持列表中
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus
step.2，安装驱动
选择安装所有推荐的驱动，如下命令
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
也可以选择，只安装其中一个驱动，命令如下
$ sudo apt install nvidia-390
OK 驱动安装完成。
step.3, 安装CUDA
如果你想手动安装呢，就到这里去下载相关的版本，安装包
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive
下载完了再输入命令安装
sudo sh cuda_9.2.148_396.37_linux.run
后面还有不少依赖包，一个个装吧！
这样装的好处是文件比较全，比如cudeSample都会有。
＝＝>>> 我比较懒，不想一个个装，于是
$ sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
将会同时安装下列软件：
ca-certificates-java cpp-6 fonts-dejavu-extra g++-6 gcc-6 gcc-6-base
java-common libaccinj64-9.1 libasan3 libatk-wrapper-java
libatk-wrapper-java-jni libcublas9.1 libcudart9.1 libcufft9.1 libcufftw9.1
libcuinj64-9.1 libcurand9.1 libcusolver9.1 libcusparse9.1 libdrm-dev
libgcc-6-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles1 libglvnd-core-dev libglvnd-dev
libnppc9.1 libnppial9.1 libnppicc9.1 libnppicom9.1 libnppidei9.1 libnppif9.1
libnppig9.1 libnppim9.1 libnppist9.1 libnppisu9.1 libnppitc9.1 libnpps9.1
libnvblas9.1 libnvgraph9.1 libnvrtc9.1 libnvtoolsext1 libnvvm3 libopengl0
libstdc++-6-dev libthrust-dev libvdpau-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev
libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0-dev
libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxshmfence-dev
libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-doc
nvidia-cuda-gdb nvidia-opencl-dev nvidia-profiler nvidia-visual-profiler
ocl-icd-libopencl1 ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-c-headers openjdk-8-jre
openjdk-8-jre-headless x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-gl-dev
x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
建议安装：
gcc-6-locales g++-6-multilib gcc-6-doc libstdc++6-6-dbg gcc-6-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan3-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx2-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg default-jre libstdc++-6-doc libvdpau-doc libcupti-dev
nvidia-driver libpoclu-dev icedtea-8-plugin fonts-ipafont-gothic
fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-wqy-zenhei
推荐安装：
libnvcuvid1
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
ca-certificates-java cpp-6 fonts-dejavu-extra g++-6 gcc-6 gcc-6-base
java-common libaccinj64-9.1 libasan3 libatk-wrapper-java
libatk-wrapper-java-jni libcublas9.1 libcudart9.1 libcufft9.1 libcufftw9.1
libcuinj64-9.1 libcurand9.1 libcusolver9.1 libcusparse9.1 libdrm-dev
libgcc-6-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles1 libglvnd-core-dev libglvnd-dev
libnppc9.1 libnppial9.1 libnppicc9.1 libnppicom9.1 libnppidei9.1 libnppif9.1
libnppig9.1 libnppim9.1 libnppist9.1 libnppisu9.1 libnppitc9.1 libnpps9.1
libnvblas9.1 libnvgraph9.1 libnvrtc9.1 libnvtoolsext1 libnvvm3 libopengl0
libstdc++-6-dev libthrust-dev libvdpau-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev
libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0-dev
libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxshmfence-dev
libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-doc
nvidia-cuda-gdb nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-opencl-dev nvidia-profiler
nvidia-visual-profiler ocl-icd-libopencl1 ocl-icd-opencl-dev
opencl-c-headers openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless x11proto-dri2-dev
x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 73 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 305 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 827 MB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 1,990 MB 的额外空间。
获取:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 java-common all 0.63ubuntu1~02 [7,032 B]
获取:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jre-headless amd64 8u191-b12-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [27.3 MB]
获取:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20180516ubuntu1~18.04.1 [12.2 kB]
获取:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 gcc-6-base amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [16.7 kB]
获取:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 cpp-6 amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [6,396 kB]
获取:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-extra all 2.37-1 [1,953 kB]
获取:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 libasan3 amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [313 kB]
获取:8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 libgcc-6-dev amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [2,308 kB]
获取:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 gcc-6 amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [7,067 kB]
获取:10 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 libstdc++-6-dev amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [1,437 kB]
获取:11 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 g++-6 amd64 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 [7,213 kB]
获取:12 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libaccinj64-9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [1,748 kB]
获取:13 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java all 0.33.3-20ubuntu0.1 [34.7 kB]
获取:14 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java-jni amd64 0.33.3-20ubuntu0.1 [28.3 kB]
获取:15 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcublas9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [25.0 MB]
获取:16 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcudart9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [121 kB]
获取:17 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcufft9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [76.1 MB]
获取:18 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcufftw9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [131 kB]
获取:19 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcuinj64-9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [1,878 kB] 获取:20 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcurand9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [38.9 MB] 获取:21 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcusolver9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [28.2 MB] 获取:22 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libcusparse9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [25.2 MB] 获取:23 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libdrm-dev amd64 2.4.91-2 [238 kB] 获取:24 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libgles1 amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.2 [11.2 kB] 获取:25 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppc9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [127 kB] 获取:26 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppial9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [3,169 kB] 获取:27 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppicc9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [1,376 kB] 获取:28 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppicom9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [497 kB] 获取:29 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppidei9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [1,673 kB] 获取:30 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppif9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [20.9 MB] 获取:31 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppig9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [9,960 kB] 获取:32 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppim9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [2,295 kB] 获取:33 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppist9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [4,910 kB] 获取:34 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppisu9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [120 kB] 获取:35 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnppitc9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [714 kB] 获取:36 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnpps9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [2,568 kB] 获取:37 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnvblas9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [132 kB] 获取:38 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnvgraph9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [6,252 kB]
获取:39 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnvrtc9.1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [6,309 kB]
获取:40 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libvdpau-dev amd64 1.1.1-3ubuntu1 [35.8 kB] 获取:41 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libx11-xcb-dev amd64 2:1.6.4-3ubuntu0.1 [9,764 B] 获取:42 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-dri2-0-dev amd64 1.13-1 [8,476 B] 获取:43 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-dri3-dev amd64 1.13-1 [7,368 B]
获取:44 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-glx0-dev amd64 1.13-1 [27.9 kB]
获取:45 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-randr0-dev amd64 1.13-1 [20.4 kB]
获取:46 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-shape0-dev amd64 1.13-1 [7,144 B]
获取:47 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-xfixes0-dev amd64 1.13-1 [11.7 kB]
获取:48 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-sync-dev amd64 1.13-1 [10.6 kB]
获取:49 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxcb-present-dev amd64 1.13-1 [6,968 B]
获取:50 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxshmfence-dev amd64 1.3-1 [3,692 B]
获取:51 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev all 2018.4-4 [2,632 B]
获取:52 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxxf86vm-dev amd64 1:1.1.4-1 [13.3 kB]
获取:53 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mesa-common-dev amd64 18.0.5-0ubuntu0~18.04.1 [536 kB]
获取:54 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jre amd64 8u191-b12-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [69.7 kB]
获取:55 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 x11proto-dri2-dev all 2018.4-4 [2,620 B]
获取:56 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 x11proto-gl-dev all 2018.4-4 [2,612 B]
获取:57 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libglvnd-core-dev amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.2 [12.9 kB]
获取:58 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libopengl0 amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.2 [31.3 kB]
获取:59 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libglvnd-dev amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.2 [3,408 B]
获取:60 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libgl1-mesa-dev amd64 18.0.5-0ubuntu0~18.04.1 [4,444 B]
获取:61 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnvtoolsext1 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [31.3 kB]
获取:62 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libnvvm3 amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [4,274 kB]
获取:63 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 libthrust-dev all 1.9.1~9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [461 kB]
获取:64 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-cuda-dev amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [263 MB]
获取:65 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-cuda-doc all 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [95.2 MB]
获取:66 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-cuda-gdb amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [2,724 kB]
获取:67 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-profiler amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [2,672 kB]
获取:68 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 opencl-c-headers all 2.2~2018.02.21-gb5c3680-1 [28.5 kB]
获取:69 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 ocl-icd-libopencl1 amd64 2.2.11-1ubuntu1 [30.3 kB]
获取:70 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 ocl-icd-opencl-dev amd64 2.2.11-1ubuntu1 [2,512 B]
获取:71 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-opencl-dev amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [22.6 kB]
获取:72 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-cuda-toolkit amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [30.4 MB]
获取:73 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 nvidia-visual-profiler amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 [115 MB]
Step.4 检查cuda是否安装成功
检查 CUDA Toolkit是否安装成功 终端输入 ：
$ nvcc -V
会输出CUDA的版本信息（V要大写）