1.1 移动光标
奇葩，既然有上下左右键，干嘛弄个 kjhl 出来？而且效果跟上下左右键无差别
Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
^
k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
< h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
j The j key looks like a down arrow.
v
1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
Now you know how to move to the next lesson.3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
1.2 退出vim编辑器
:q! 退出vim，并且放弃所有的编辑修改
Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That
might be: vimtutor <ENTER>4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
will learn how to save the changes to a file.5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
1.3 文本编辑－删除
用 x 键删除光标所指向的字符
Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
character to be deleted.3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
1.4 文本编辑－插入
输入 i 使vim变成可编辑状态，按Esc键退出编辑状态，回到正常模式(Normal mode)
Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
** Press i to insert text. **1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
1.5 文本编辑－行末插入
也是文本插入的一种，键入 A 使输入的文字添加到光标所在行的最后面．
Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
** Press A to append text. **1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
1.6 编辑文件－退出并保存
用 :wq 保存一个文件并退出，wq可能是write & quit的含义
Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
the following summary.6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
第一课小结
Lesson 1 SUMMARY
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
5. To insert or append text type:
i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
A type appended text <ESC> append after the lineNOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
2.1 删除命令
键入 d 删除一行，但是教程中说的是dw，迷惑．
Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
** Type dw to delete a word. **1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
2.3 操作符＋动作
操作符 d 表示删除，动作w, e, $的含义分别是光标移动到下一个单词的首字母，尾字母，行末
Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:d motion
Where:
d - is the delete operator.
motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).A short list of motions:
w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
$ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
move the cursor as specified.
2.4 给动作加点参数(中划线表示该命名不太实用)
数字＋动作，表示在该动作上加上步长
Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
2.6 对行删除
键入 dd 删除一行，前面加数字表示连续删除几行
Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
** Type dd to delete a whole line. **Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
2. Type dd to delete the line.
3. Now move to the fourth line.
4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
2.7 撤销命名(非常有用)
小写ｕ表示撤销最后的一个操作；大写Ｕ表示修复整个行(u是undo的含义)；CTRL-R表示撤销(撤销操作)，相当于redo
Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
first error.
2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
第二课小结
Lesson 2 SUMMARY
1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
3. To delete a whole line type: dd4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
5. The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
$ (to the end of line), etc.6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
To undo the undo's, type: CTRL-R
3.1 PUT命令
键入 p，把刚删除的行放置到光标所在行的下面
Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
---> a) Roses are red,
---> b) Violets are blue,
---> c) Intelligence is learned,
---> d) Can you learn too?
3.2 替换命令
将光标移动到需要替换的字符上，按下 r (replace的含义)，然后键入希望的字符，即可完成替换
Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
---> When this line was tuped in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.
NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
3.3 改变操作符
ce，含义是change ubtil the end of a word.
Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
3.4 改变文本从光标到行末
键入c$，会删除从光标到行末所有的文本，然后写入自己正确的文本即可
Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
c [number] motion
2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
4. Move the cursor to the first error.
5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
第三课小结
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
character you want to have there.3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
4.1 光标移动命令
G移动光标到文件的最后一行；gg移动光标到文件的第一行；CTRL-G显示光标位置和文件状态
Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
Type G to move to a line in the file. **NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see :help 'ruler' )2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
Type gg to move you to the start of the file.3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
4.2 搜索命令
斜线命令＋关键词
Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset.
4.3 括号匹配搜索
将光标移动到某一括号处，输入%，它将帮你找到匹配的括号
Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
2. Now type the % character.
3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))
NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
4.4 替换命令
Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
first occurrence of "thee" in the line.3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
第四章小结
Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
first occurrence of "thee" in the line.3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
5.1 执行外部命令
:!+命令，试了一下，不知为何没效果．
Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
execute any external shell command.3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work.NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
arguments.NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
From here on we will not always mention it.
5.2 更多写文件命令
:w + 文件名
Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME. **1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
5.3 选定文本区域内容写入文件
Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **1. Move the cursor to this line.
2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
text is highlighted.3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear.
4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press <ENTER>.5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or :!ls
to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
第五课小结
Lesson 5 SUMMARY
1. :!command executes an external command.Some useful examples are:
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position.5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
cursor position.
6.1 新开一行
小写o在光标下面新开一行，大写O在光标上面新开一行
Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
you in Insert mode.3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line
6.2 复制粘贴
Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .---> a) this is the first item.
b)this is the fNOTE: you can also use y as an operator; yw yanks one word.
第六课小结
Lesson 6 SUMMARY
1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type A to insert text after the end of the line.3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching
'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase
'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name.7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
本教程总结
1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.
2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window
4. Type :q to close the help window
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
Press <TAB> to use one completion.