spring + spring mvc + mybatis 三大框架建议观看 黑马程序员出品的
观看顺序 ，我个人 推荐 mybatis --> spring mvc --> spring (因为个人做了很长一段时间 数据库开发，所以挑选 mybatis 上手较快，如果有 struts2 经验的也可以从 spring mvc 开始看起)
首先依照博客中的一篇建立 ssm 这个 project
然后接下来就开始从0搭建一个完整的 ssm 项目了
项目构成及环境： 本项目采用 maven 构建 环境要求： IDEA Version: 2017.2.5 Tomcat Version: 8.5.x > 用到的技术 IOC 容器 spring, 前端web控制层 springmvc, 持久层： mybatis
下面开始 step by step:
一、 配置整合 spring 与 mybatis
1、 配置 项目对象管理文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.ghc</groupId> <artifactId>ssm</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>ssm Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <!-- 设置项目编码编码 --> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <!-- spring版本号 --> <spring.version>4.3.5.RELEASE</spring.version> <!-- mybatis版本号 --> <mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- java ee --> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> </dependency> <!-- 单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <!-- 实现slf4j接口并整合 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- JSON --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.8.7</version> </dependency> <!-- 数据库驱动包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.41</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!-- 数据库c3p0连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency> <!-- MyBatis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis/spring整合包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>ssm</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
2、在 web.xml 文件中配置spring上下文环境以及springmvc 中央控制器
其中监听器的配置，让 ServletContext 这个对象在 web 服务器（本项目采用tomcat）在启动时就读取监听所对应配置文件里的所有对象注入进来
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!--此处采用通配符读取spring与mybatis整合文件以及 springmvc 的配置文件--> <param-value>classpath:/config/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--添加编码过滤器--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--配置springmvc最重要的前端中央控制器 DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--配置springmvc 需要加载的配置文件--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/config/springmvc/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <!--此处的url模式可以是 *.do 我写成 / 是为了做 RESTful风格的url编写--> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
3、配置一下 spring mybatis 整合配置文件，数据源，数据库连接池，事务等
从此处开始，都展示正常项目开发过程使用方法，一般注解居多，在最后会附上配置文件方法，最好注解跟配置文件同时掌握，方便使用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!--为了方便配置把数据库驱动以及连接账号密码等信息都单独配置在db.properties 文件中便于修改--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config/db.properties"/> <!--本项目采用 c3p0 数据库连接池，也可以切换为druid，dbcp 等第三方数据库连接池--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${c3p0.maxPoolSize}"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="${c3p0.minPoolSize}"/> <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="${c3p0.autoCommitOnClose}"/> <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="${c3p0.checkoutTimeout}"/> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="${c3p0.acquireRetryAttempts}"/> </bean> <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactory对象 并做别名，以及dao层接口映射文件的配置--> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 扫描model包 使用别名 --> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.ghc.model"/> <!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件 --> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/> </bean> <!-- 配置扫描Dao接口包，动态实现Dao接口，注入到spring容器中 --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory --> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 --> <property name="basePackage" value="com.ghc.dao"/> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <!--开启注解扫描，扫描service包里的注解--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ghc.service"/> <!-- 配置基于注解的声明式事务 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> </beans>
由于刚刚开始熟悉，所以建议每一层整合完进行一次单独测试
接下来要写一个简单的 dao 层接口 IUserDao (用 mybatis 的 Mapper 接口方法) 来测试一下整合是否没有问题了
1、 定义 pojo User 类
package com.ghc.model.pojo;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
private int id;
private String email;
private String password;
private String userName;
private String role;
private int status;
private Date regTime;
private String regIp;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(String role) {
this.role = role;
}
public int getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(int status) {
this.status = status;
}
public Date getRegTime() {
return regTime;
}
public void setRegTime(Date regTime) {
this.regTime = regTime;
}
public String getRegIp() {
return regIp;
}
public void setRegIp(String regIp) {
this.regIp = regIp;
}
}
2、 在 mapper 文件夹下 编写 User.Mapper.xml 了 (这个文件随着业务的完善，会进行一定程度的修改的)， 这个 文件在 上面的 spring-mybatis.xml 中配置了 包扫描
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.ghc.dao.IUserDao"> <select id="selectUser" parameterType="int" resultType="user"> SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}; </select> </mapper>
3、 根据 mapper 文件来写一个 IUserDao 接口
package com.ghc.dao;
import com.ghc.model.pojo.User;
public interface IUserDao {
User selectUser(int id);
}
4、 编写junit 单元测试来测试 dao 层接口是否能用
package com.ghc.dao;
import com.ghc.model.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:config/spring-mybatis.xml"})
public class IUserDaoTest {
@Autowired
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
@Test
public void testIUserDao(){
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
IUserDao iUserDao = sqlSession.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
User user = iUserDao.selectUser(2);
System.out.println("user name: "+user.getUserName());
}
}
至此： 项目整合 mybatis 完成 结构 与 测试结果 如下图：
二 、配置 整合 spring 与 spring mvc