新概念二册 Lesson 8 The best and the worst最好的和最差的 (形容词和副词比较级)

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1 课文

Why is Joe’s garden the most beautiful one in the town?

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
  乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。

Nearly everybody enters for ‘The Nicest Garden Competition’ each year, but Joe wins every time.
  几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”,而每次都是乔获胜。

Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s.
  比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔 的花园大

Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe’s garden is more interesting.
  他比乔也更为勤 奋,种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多,但乔的花园更富有情趣。

He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
  他修筑了一条条整洁的小路,并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。

I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work.
  我也喜欢花园,但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。

Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
  每年的花园竞赛我也参加,但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖!

2 单词

2.1 competition [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] n. 比赛,竞赛(各种比赛都可以)

race 只能表示比速度的比赛
对应的动词 compete v. 比赛,竞赛

2.2 neat [niːt] adj. 整齐的,整洁的

2.3 path [pɑːθ] n. 小路,小径

neat path.整齐的小路。

2.4 wooden ['wʊd(ə)n] adj. 木头的

wood n. 木头

2.5 pool [puːl] n. 水池

swimming pool 游泳池

3 形容词/副词的作用

形容词(adj.) 修饰名词
副词(adv.) 修饰动词/句子/其他的形容词或副词(除了名词,副词什么词都可以修饰)

3.1 形容词(adj.) 修饰名词 (可以挨着也可以不挨着)

This is a wonderful world. (wonderful修饰名词world,挨着,做定语)
We are living in a beautiful new house in the country.(beautiful new 修饰名词house,挨着,做定语)
Their sleep bags were warm and confortable.(通过系动词连接名词和形容词,形容词还是修饰名词,不挨着,做表语)

3.2 副词(adv.) 修饰动词/句子/其他的形容词或者副词

Roy acted quickly. ( quickly修饰动词acte)
Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball(Suddenly,突然,修饰整个句子)

It raned contrinualy and is was often bitterly cold.(contrinualy 修饰动词raned,bitterly 修饰形容词cold)

The students from elite universites catch up
very quickly.(very修饰另外的副词quickly)

4 形容词/副词的三种比较级

4.1 形容词/副词的最高级

4.1.1 最高级变法

1 单词音节比较少的时候。形容词可以加上est
2 单次音节比较多的时候。the most + 形容词。

4.1.2 最高级结构

adj./adv.的最高级 + (介词短语表示比较的范围) “(…范围内最…)”
通常用于三者或者三者以上的比较。

My younger sister is the tallest in her class.
The most serious problem of the project is the lack of power.

4.2 形容词/副词的比较级

4.2.1 比较级变法

1 单词音节比较少的时候。形容词可以加上er。
2 单次音节比较多的时候。more + 形容词。

4.2.2 比较级结构

adj./adv.的比较级 + (than 比较的对象) “(和…相比更…)”
通常用于两者这间的比较。(两者可以是两个整体),比较的对象一定要对等。
Aeroplane tickets are more expensive than train tickets.
Sometimes machines can perform much better than human beings.

形容词比较级,时间的比较
I am fatther than before.
I am fatter than I was.

真实的状况和想象比
You are smarter than they think.
The project took longer than I expected.

4.3 比较级不规则变化

好:
good better(比较级) besst(最高级)
well better(比较级) besst(最高级)

bad worse(比积极) worst(最高级)

many more(比积极) most (最高级)
much more(比积极) most (最高级)

little less(比较级) lest(最高级)

5 课文讲解

1 Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.乔·桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。在第1册的第107-112课中,我们讲到了英文中形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。本课的主要句型仍是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。如果形容词或副词有两个以上音节,其比较级和最高级是在形容词或副词前加上more或most,如more interesting, the most beautiful。

2 enter for,报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)

3 more flowers and vegetables,更多的花卉和蔬菜。英语中有些形容词或副词的比较级和最高级并不规则,如课文中的good - better - best, bad - worse - worst, many - more - most。

4 for the worst garden in the town是介词短语作定语,修饰prize。

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