@Retention元注解的使用

@Retention注解标记其他的注解用于指明标记的注解保留策略:
先看Java SE 8中@Target是如何声明的:

package java.lang.annotation;

public enum RetentionPolicy {
    /**
     * Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
     */
    SOURCE,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
     * but need not be retained by the VM at run time.  This is the default
     * behavior.
     */
    CLASS,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
     * retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
     *
     * @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
     */
    RUNTIME
}

从源代码的注释中,我们看到java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy此枚举类声明了三种保留策略:

java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.SOURCE:表示注解会在编译时被丢弃
java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.CLASS:默认策略,表示注解会在编译后的class文件中存在,但是在运行时,不会被VM保留。
java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME:表示不仅会在编译后的class文件中存在,而且在运行时保留,因此它们主要用于反射场景,可以通过getAnnotation方法获取。

这三种保留策略的使用示例:

 声明@Country注解,采用的是RUNTIME策略:

package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @author 春晨
 * @date 2019/1/14 19:30
 * Copyright ©2019 春晨 https://www.cnblogs.com/springmorning/p/10265030.html 
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Country {
    //国家名称
    String name();
    //国家语言
    String[] languages();
}

声明@Region注解,采用的是CLASS策略(默认策略):

package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @author 春晨
 * @date 2019/1/14 19:37
 * Copyright ©2019 春晨 https://www.cnblogs.com/springmorning/p/10265030.html
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
public @interface Region {
    //地区名称
    String name();
    //所属国家
    String country();
}

声明@Home注解,采用的是SOURCE策略:

package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @author 春晨
 * @date 2019/1/14 19:43
 * Copyright ©2019 春晨 https://www.cnblogs.com/springmorning/p/10265030.html
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Home {
    //成员
    String[] members();
    //地址
    String address();
}

编写测试类:

package org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

/**
 * @author 春晨
 * @date 2019/1/14 19:34
 * Copyright ©2019 春晨 https://www.cnblogs.com/springmorning/p/10265030.html
 */
@Country(
        name = "China",
        languages = {"Chinese"}
)
@Region(
        name = "GuangDong",
        country = "China"
)
@Home(
        members = {"Wolffy","Wolnie","Wilie"},
        address = "Qingqing grasslands"
)
public class RetentionAnnotation {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Annotation[] annotations = RetentionAnnotation.class.getAnnotations();
        System.out.println("获取能保留到运行时的注解:");
        for (Annotation annotation :annotations){
            System.out.println(annotation.toString());
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

获取能保留到运行时的注解:
@org.springmorning.demo.javabase.annotation.meta.Country(name=China, languages=[Chinese])

采用javap命令分析RetentionAnnotation的class文件如下图:

下节继续

    下节将给大家讲解元注解@Document的使用。

     

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/springmorning/p/10265030.html
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