一、与Struts区别:
(1)SpringMVC会将URL请求路径与controller类某个方法进行绑定,请求参数作为形参,用户在网页上的请求路径会被映射到Controller类对应的方法上。而Struts的Action类中所有方法使用的请求参数都是Action类中的成员变量,随着方法变多,会比较混乱。
(2)SpringMVC支持单例开发,而Struts由于只能通过类的成员变量接受参数,所以无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
(3)SpringMVC比Struts更快。
二、简单的案列:
1、环境搭建:
(1)在myeclipse下新建一个webproject:SpringMVC_test,src下新建两个包:cn.com.mvc.controller和cn.com.mvc.model分别放置控制器类和实体类(数据模型)
(2)建立源文件夹config,存放SpringMVC核心配置文件:springmvc.xml
(3)在WEB-INF创建jsp文件夹,存放网页。WEB-INF是私有文件夹,无法通过路径访问,比较安全
(4)导入SpringMVC所需的jar包,所需如下所示:
2、在web.xml中增加SpringMVC的拦截器:从而可将符合条件的请求拦截到SpringMVC专有的Servlet上
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<!-- SpringMvc前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
3、编写核心文件springmvc.xml
注意:beans xmlns中的内容如果版本不符,会报错
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
<!-- 处理器映射器:将bean的name作为url进行查找 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />
<!-- 处理器适配器:该适配器支持所有实现了controller接口的handler控制器,会执行具体的controller方法 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" />
<!-- 视图解析器:该解析器会根据handler方法执行后返回的jsp具体位置来加载相应界面 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
</bean>
<!-- 根据请求url,映射对应的handler类 -->
<bean name="/queryFruits_test.action" class="cn.com.mvc.controller.FruitsControllerTest"/>
</beans>
4、编写Handler处理器与视图:
package cn.com.mvc.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import cn.com.mvc.model.Fruits;
public class FruitsControllerTest implements Controller{
private FruitsService fruitsService = new FruitsService();
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//模拟Service获取水果商品列表
List<Fruits> fruitsList = fruitsService.queryFruitsList();
//返回ModelAndView
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//相当 于request的setAttribut,在jsp页面中通过fruitsList取数据
modelAndView.addObject("fruitsList", fruitsList);
//指定视图
modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/fruitsList.jsp");
return modelAndView;
}
//内部类
class FruitsService{
public List<Fruits> queryFruitsList(){
List<Fruits> fruitsList = new ArrayList<Fruits>();
Fruits apple = new Fruits();
apple.setName("苹果");
apple.setPrice(5.0);
apple.setProducing_area("杭州");
Fruits banana = new Fruits();
banana.setName("香蕉");
banana.setPrice(9.0);
banana.setProducing_area("河南");
Fruits ma = new Fruits();
ma.setName("马");
ma.setPrice(15.0);
ma.setProducing_area("广西州");
fruitsList.add(apple);
fruitsList.add(banana);
fruitsList.add(ma);
return fruitsList;
}
}
}
实体类:
package cn.com.mvc.model;
public class Fruits {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getProducing_area() {
return producing_area;
}
public void setProducing_area(String producing_area) {
this.producing_area = producing_area;
}
private String name;
private double price;
private String producing_area;
}
jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>水果列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>新鲜水果</h3>
<table width="300px;" border=1>
<tr>
<td>名称</td>
<td>价格</td>
<td>产地</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${fruitsList }" var="fruit">
<tr>
<td>${fruit.name }</td>
<td>${fruit.price }</td>
<td>${fruit.producing_area }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
5、运行效果:
将程序部署在tomcat7,并运行。浏览器输入:
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_test/queryFruits_test.action
结果如下: