SpringBoot入坑指南之三:业务初始化

概述

在实际项目开发过程中,有时候需要在服务启动时进行一些业务初始化操作,这些操作只需要在服务启动后执行一次,那么通过Spring Boot如何实现该需求呢?
Spring Boot提供了ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner两种服务接口,这两种服务接口都可以实现上面的业务需求,本文将对这两种服务接口实现进行介绍。

ApplicationRunner与CommandLineRunner

异同点

  • 相同点

    • 两者均在服务启动完成后执行,并且只执行一次。
    • 两者都能获取到应用的命令行参数。
    • 两者触发执行的时间点是一致的。
  • 不同点

    • 虽然两者都是获取到应用的命令行参数,但是ApplicationRunner获取到的是封装后的ApplicationArguments对象,而CommandLine获取到的是ApplicationArguments中的sourceArgs属性(List<String>),即原始参数字符串列表.

执行顺序

很多误认为CommandLineRunner会先于ApplicationRunner执行,但是实际上两者是一起触发执行的,可以阅读SpringApplication.class方法中的源码

  • 1.SpringApplication.class中的run方法,会在执行完一些列初始化工作之后,调用callRunners方法执行Runner中的相关初始化代码。
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
        this.configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();

        Collection exceptionReporters;
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
            context = this.createApplicationContext();
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            this.refreshContext(context);
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }

            listeners.started(context);
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }

        try {
            listeners.running(context);
            return context;
        } catch (Throwable var9) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
        }
    }
  • 2.在callRunners方法源码中,可以看出,ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner会被加载到同一个List中,之后排序并循环执行,所以并没有CommandLineRunner先执行一说。实际上,如果没有指定执行顺序,默认是ApplicationRunner先执行的。
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
        List<Object> runners = new ArrayList();
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
        Iterator var4 = (new LinkedHashSet(runners)).iterator();

        while(var4.hasNext()) {
            Object runner = var4.next();
            if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
                this.callRunner((ApplicationRunner)runner, args);
            }

            if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
                this.callRunner((CommandLineRunner)runner, args);
            }
        }

    }

实现示例

1.实现Runner服务接口

  • 创建ApplicationRunnerFirst和ApplicationRunnerSecond两个类,实现ApplicationRunner接口。
@Component
@Slf4j
public class ApplicationRunnerFirst implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        log.info("This is {} Application Runner", "first");
    }
}
@Component
@Slf4j
public class ApplicationRunnerSecond implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        log.info("This is {} Application Runner", "second");
    }
}
  • 创建两个类,实现CommandLineRunner接口。
@Component
@Slf4j
public class CommandlineRunnerFirst implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        log.info("CommandLineRunner Args:{}",JSON.toJSONString(args));
        log.info("This is {} Command Line Runner", "first");
    }
}
@Component
@Slf4j
public class CommandlineRunnerSecond implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        log.info("This is {} Command Line Runner", "second");
    }
}

2.指定执行顺序

可以使用org.springframework.core.annotation.Order注解设置执行顺序,其中数值越小越优先执行。例如:

@Component
@Slf4j
@Order(3)
public class ApplicationRunnerFirst implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        log.info("ApplicationRunner Args:{}",JSON.toJSONString(args));
        log.info("This is {} Application Runner", "first");
    }
}

分别将CommandlineRunnerSecond的Order设置为1,ApplicationRunnerSecond设置为2,ApplicationRunnerFirst设置为3,CommandlineRunnerFirst不设置。

3.运行结果

启动服务,运行结果如下:

7584230-288257688ba88e4d.png
image.png

你会发现,未指定顺序的CommandlineRunnerFirst在最后执行,那是因为如果没有设置顺序,运行时排序使用的数值是整型最大值2147483647(@Order注解的默认值也是整型最大值),详细可阅读OrderComparator.class源码。
还有需注意的是,Runner的实现类必须注册为Spring Bean,否则不回被执行,阅读SpringApplication.run方法的源码就知道原因了。

示例源码

码云:https://gitee.com/centy/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-examples-runner

尾巴

无论ApplicationRunner还是CommandLineRunner,都是在应用启动完成后执行一次业务初始化代码,达到的效果也比较类似,由于ApplicationRunner的方法参数是ApplicationArguments对象,使用起来更加方便,所以更推荐使用。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_33877885/article/details/87351157
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