NIO

 

 

Java NIO(new IO)是java1.4版本开始引入的一个新的API,可以代替标准的IO API,NIO与原来的IO有同样的作用和目的,但是使用方式完全不同,NIO是面向缓冲区的,基于通道的IO操作,NIO以更加高效的方式进行文件操作

 

NIO系统的核心在于:通道和缓冲区,通道表示打开到IO设备(文件、套接字)的连接,若需要使用NIO系统,需要获取用于连接IO设备的通道以及容纳数据的缓冲区,然后操作缓冲区,对数据进行处理

 

Channel负责传输,Buffer负责存储

 

 

缓冲区:一个用于特定基本数据类型的容器,所有缓冲区都是Buffer抽象类的子类,Buffer主要用于与NIO通道进行交互,数据是从通道读入缓冲区,从缓冲区写入通道中的

 

Buffer就像是一个数组可以保持多个相容数据类型的数据,根据类型不同(boolean除外),使用相似的方式进行管理数据,只是各自的数据类型不同而已

 

缓冲区的基本属性:

 

 

@Test
    public void test1(){
        String str = "abcde";
        
        //1. 分配一个指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        System.out.println("-----------------allocate()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        //2. 利用 put() 存入数据到缓冲区中
        buf.put(str.getBytes());
        
        System.out.println("-----------------put()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        //3. 切换读取数据模式
        buf.flip();
        
        System.out.println("-----------------flip()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        //4. 利用 get() 读取缓冲区中的数据
        byte[] dst = new byte[buf.limit()];
        buf.get(dst);
        System.out.println(new String(dst, 0, dst.length));
        
        System.out.println("-----------------get()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        //5. rewind() : 可重复读
        buf.rewind();
        
        System.out.println("-----------------rewind()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        //6. clear() : 清空缓冲区. 但是缓冲区中的数据依然存在,但是处于“被遗忘”状态
        buf.clear();
        
        System.out.println("-----------------clear()----------------");
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        System.out.println(buf.limit());
        System.out.println(buf.capacity());
        
        System.out.println((char)buf.get());
        
    }

 

 

 

 

直接缓冲区和非直接缓冲区:字节缓冲区要么是直接缓冲区,要么是非直接缓冲区,如果为直接缓冲区,则java虚拟机会进最大努力直接在此缓冲区上执行本机IO操作,也就是每次调用基础操作系统的一个本机IO操作,虚拟机都会尽量避免将缓冲区的内容复制到中间缓冲区中(或从中间缓冲区中复制内容)

 

直接字节缓冲区可以通过调用此类的allocateDirect()方法创建,将直接缓冲区主要分配给那些易受基础系统的本机IO操作影响的大型、持久的缓冲,一般情况,最好在直接缓冲区能在程序性能方面带来明显好处时分配给他们 

@Test
    public void test2(){
        String str = "abcde";
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        buf.put(str.getBytes());
        
        buf.flip();
        
        byte[] dst = new byte[buf.limit()];
        buf.get(dst, 0, 2);
        System.out.println(new String(dst, 0, 2));
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        
        //mark() : 标记
        buf.mark();
        
        buf.get(dst, 2, 2);
        System.out.println(new String(dst, 2, 2));
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        
        //reset() : 恢复到 mark 的位置
        buf.reset();
        System.out.println(buf.position());
        
        //判断缓冲区中是否还有剩余数据
        if(buf.hasRemaining()){
            
            //获取缓冲区中可以操作的数量
            System.out.println(buf.remaining());
        }
    }

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

通道表示与IO源与目标打开的连接,通道本身并不能访问数据,通道只能与缓冲区进行交互

 

 

//利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区)
    @Test
    public void test1(){//10874-10953
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        //①获取通道
        FileChannel inChannel = null;
        FileChannel outChannel = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv");
            fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv");
            
            inChannel = fis.getChannel();
            outChannel = fos.getChannel();
            
            //②分配指定大小的缓冲区
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            
            //③将通道中的数据存入缓冲区中
            while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
                buf.flip(); //切换读取数据的模式
                //④将缓冲区中的数据写入通道中
                outChannel.write(buf);
                buf.clear(); //清空缓冲区
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(outChannel != null){
                try {
                    outChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(inChannel != null){
                try {
                    inChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(fos != null){
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(fis != null){
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
        
    }

 

 

//使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
    @Test
    public void test2() throws IOException{//2127-1902-1777
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
        //内存映射文件
        MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
        MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());
        
        //直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操作
        byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
        inMappedBuf.get(dst);
        outMappedBuf.put(dst);
        
        inChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
        
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start));
    }
//通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
    @Test
    public void test3() throws IOException{
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
//        inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
        outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());
        
        inChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
    }

 

 

//分散和聚集
    @Test
    public void test4() throws IOException{
        RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
        
        //1. 获取通道
        FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();
        
        //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
        ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //3. 分散读取
        ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
        channel1.read(bufs);
        
        for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
            byteBuffer.flip();
        }
        
        System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));
        
        //4. 聚集写入
        RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
        FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
        
        channel2.write(bufs);
    }

 

@Test
    public void test5(){
        Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
        
        Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
        
        for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
            System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
        }
    }

 

//字符集
    @Test
    public void test6() throws IOException{
        Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");
        
        //获取编码器
        CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
        
        //获取解码器
        CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
        
        CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
        cBuf.put("好好学习、天天向上");
        cBuf.flip();
        
        //编码
        ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
            System.out.println(bBuf.get());
        }
        
        //解码
        bBuf.flip();
        CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
        System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
        
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
        
        Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK");
        bBuf.flip();
        CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
        System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
    }

 

/*
 * 一、通道(Channel):用于源节点与目标节点的连接。在 Java NIO 中负责缓冲区中数据的传输。Channel 本身不存储数据,因此需要配合缓冲区进行传输。
 * 
 * 二、通道的主要实现类
 *     java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
 *         |--FileChannel
 *         |--SocketChannel
 *         |--ServerSocketChannel
 *         |--DatagramChannel
 * 
 * 三、获取通道
 * 1. Java 针对支持通道的类提供了 getChannel() 方法
 *         本地 IO:
 *         FileInputStream/FileOutputStream
 *         RandomAccessFile
 * 
 *         网络IO:
 *         Socket
 *         ServerSocket
 *         DatagramSocket
 *         
 * 2. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()
 * 3. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()
 * 
 * 四、通道之间的数据传输
 * transferFrom()
 * transferTo()
 * 
 * 五、分散(Scatter)与聚集(Gather)
 * 分散读取(Scattering Reads):将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
 * 聚集写入(Gathering Writes):将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
 * 
 * 六、字符集:Charset
 * 编码:字符串 -> 字节数组
 * 解码:字节数组  -> 字符串
 * 
 */

   

 

/*
 * 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
 * 
 * 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
 *         
 *        java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
 *             |--SelectableChannel
 *                 |--SocketChannel
 *                 |--ServerSocketChannel
 *                 |--DatagramChannel
 * 
 *                 |--Pipe.SinkChannel
 *                 |--Pipe.SourceChannel
 * 
 * 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
 * 
 * 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
 * 
 */
public class TestBlockingNIO {

    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        
        //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //3. 读取本地文件,并发送到服务端
        while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //4. 关闭通道
        inChannel.close();
        sChannel.close();
    }
    
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
        //2. 绑定连接
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        //3. 获取客户端连接的通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
        
        //4. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //5. 接收客户端的数据,并保存到本地
        while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            outChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //6. 关闭通道
        sChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
        ssChannel.close();
        
    }
    
}

 

     

public class TestBlockingNIO2 {
    
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        sChannel.shutdownOutput();
        
        //接收服务端的反馈
        int len = 0;
        while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        inChannel.close();
        sChannel.close();
    }
    
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            outChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //发送反馈给客户端
        buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
        buf.flip();
        sChannel.write(buf);
        
        sChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
        ssChannel.close();
    }

}

 

 

/*
 * 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
 * 
 * 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
 *         
 *        java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
 *             |--SelectableChannel
 *                 |--SocketChannel
 *                 |--ServerSocketChannel
 *                 |--DatagramChannel
 * 
 *                 |--Pipe.SinkChannel
 *                 |--Pipe.SourceChannel
 * 
 * 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
 * 
 * 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
 * 
 */
public class TestNonBlockingNIO {
    
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        //2. 切换非阻塞模式
        sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        
        //3. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //4. 发送数据给服务端
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        while(scan.hasNext()){
            String str = scan.next();
            buf.put((new Date().toString() + "\n" + str).getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //5. 关闭通道
        sChannel.close();
    }

    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        //2. 切换非阻塞模式
        ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        
        //3. 绑定连接
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        //4. 获取选择器
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        
        //5. 将通道注册到选择器上, 并且指定“监听接收事件”
        ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        
        //6. 轮询式的获取选择器上已经“准备就绪”的事件
        while(selector.select() > 0){
            
            //7. 获取当前选择器中所有注册的“选择键(已就绪的监听事件)”
            Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            
            while(it.hasNext()){
                //8. 获取准备“就绪”的是事件
                SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                
                //9. 判断具体是什么事件准备就绪
                if(sk.isAcceptable()){
                    //10. 若“接收就绪”,获取客户端连接
                    SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
                    
                    //11. 切换非阻塞模式
                    sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    
                    //12. 将该通道注册到选择器上
                    sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                }else if(sk.isReadable()){
                    //13. 获取当前选择器上“读就绪”状态的通道
                    SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) sk.channel();
                    
                    //14. 读取数据
                    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    
                    int len = 0;
                    while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) > 0 ){
                        buf.flip();
                        System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
                        buf.clear();
                    }
                }
                
                //15. 取消选择键 SelectionKey
                it.remove();
            }
        }
    }
}
public class TestNonBlockingNIO2 {
    
    @Test
    public void send() throws IOException{
        DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
        
        dc.configureBlocking(false);
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        while(scan.hasNext()){
            String str = scan.next();
            buf.put((new Date().toString() + ":\n" + str).getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            dc.send(buf, new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        dc.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void receive() throws IOException{
        DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
        
        dc.configureBlocking(false);
        
        dc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        
        dc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        
        while(selector.select() > 0){
            Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            
            while(it.hasNext()){
                SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                
                if(sk.isReadable()){
                    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    
                    dc.receive(buf);
                    buf.flip();
                    System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, buf.limit()));
                    buf.clear();
                }
            }
            
            it.remove();
        }
    }

}
@Test
    public void test1() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取管道
        Pipe pipe = Pipe.open();
        
        //2. 将缓冲区中的数据写入管道
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        Pipe.SinkChannel sinkChannel = pipe.sink();
        buf.put("通过单向管道发送数据".getBytes());
        buf.flip();
        sinkChannel.write(buf);
        
        //3. 读取缓冲区中的数据
        Pipe.SourceChannel sourceChannel = pipe.source();
        buf.flip();
        int len = sourceChannel.read(buf);
        System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
        
        sourceChannel.close();
        sinkChannel.close();
    }

          

 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/lzb0803/p/8922189.html
NIO