版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/t1g2q3/article/details/88192226
/**
* Executes the given task sometime in the future. The task
* may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread.
*
* If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this
* executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached,
* the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.
*
* @param command the task to execute
* @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
* {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task
* cannot be accepted for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null
*/
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}- 线程池创建有七种方式，最核心的是最后一种：
- newSingleThreadExecutor()：它的特点在于工作线程数目被限制为 1，操作一个无界的工作队列，所以它保证了所有任务的都是被顺序执行，最多会有一个任务处于活动状态，并且不允许使用者改动线程池实例，因此可以避免其改变线程数目；
- newCachedThreadPool()：它是一种用来处理大量短时间工作任务的线程池，具有几个鲜明特点：它会试图缓存线程并重用，当无缓存线程可用时，就会创建新的工作线程；如果线程闲置的时间超过 60 秒，则被终止并移出缓存；长时间闲置时，这种线程池，不会消耗什么资源。其内部使用 SynchronousQueue 作为工作队列；
- newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)：重用指定数目（nThreads）的线程，其背后使用的是无界的工作队列，任何时候最多有 nThreads 个工作线程是活动的。这意味着，如果任务数量超过了活动队列数目，将在工作队列中等待空闲线程出现；如果有工作线程退出，将会有新的工作线程被创建，以补足指定的数目 nThreads；
- newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor()：创建单线程池，返回 ScheduledExecutorService，可以进行定时或周期性的工作调度；
- newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize)：和newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor()类似，创建的是个 ScheduledExecutorService，可以进行定时或周期性的工作调度，区别在于单一工作线程还是多个工作线程；
- newWorkStealingPool(int parallelism)：这是一个经常被人忽略的线程池，Java 8 才加入这个创建方法，其内部会构建ForkJoinPool，利用Work-Stealing算法，并行地处理任务，不保证处理顺序；
- ThreadPoolExecutor()：是最原始的线程池创建，上面1-3创建方式都是对ThreadPoolExecutor的封装。