前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下:
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问 时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图:
根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:
第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
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< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> |
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< property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> |
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< bean id = "transactionManager" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 配置DAO --> |
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< bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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< bean id = "userDao" |
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class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" > |
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<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> |
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< property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> |
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< property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" /> |
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< property name = "proxyInterfaces" value = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> |
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<!-- 配置事务属性 --> |
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< property name = "transactionAttributes" > |
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< props > |
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< prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > |
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</ props > |
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</ property > |
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</ bean > |
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</ beans > |
第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
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< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> |
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< property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> |
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< bean id = "transactionManager" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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< bean id = "transactionBase" |
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class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" |
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lazy-init = "true" abstract = "true" > |
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<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> |
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< property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> |
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<!-- 配置事务属性 --> |
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< property name = "transactionAttributes" > |
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< props > |
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< prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > |
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</ props > |
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</ property > |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 配置DAO --> |
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< bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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< bean id = "userDao" parent = "transactionBase" > |
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< property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" /> |
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</ bean > |
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</ beans > |
第三种方式:使用拦截器
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
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< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> |
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< property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> |
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< bean id = "transactionManager" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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< bean id = "transactionInterceptor" |
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class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" > |
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< property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> |
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<!-- 配置事务属性 --> |
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< property name = "transactionAttributes" > |
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< props > |
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< prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > |
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</ props > |
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</ property > |
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</ bean > |
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< bean class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" > |
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< property name = "beanNames" > |
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< list > |
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< value >*Dao</ value > |
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</ list > |
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</ property > |
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< property name = "interceptorNames" > |
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< list > |
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< value >transactionInterceptor</ value > |
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</ list > |
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</ property > |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 配置DAO --> |
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< bean id = "userDao" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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</ beans > |
第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
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< context:annotation-config /> |
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< context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" /> |
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
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< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> |
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< property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> |
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< bean id = "transactionManager" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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< tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" > |
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< tx:attributes > |
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< tx:method name = "*" propagation = "REQUIRED" /> |
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</ tx:attributes > |
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</ tx:advice > |
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< aop:config > |
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< aop:pointcut id = "interceptorPointCuts" |
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expression = "execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> |
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< aop:advisor advice-ref = "txAdvice" |
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pointcut-ref = "interceptorPointCuts" /> |
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</ aop:config > |
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</ beans > |
第五种方式:全注解
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
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< context:annotation-config /> |
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< context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" /> |
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< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" /> |
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
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< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> |
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< property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> |
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</ bean > |
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<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> |
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< bean id = "transactionManager" |
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class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
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</ bean > |
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</ beans > |
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:
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package com.bluesky.spring.dao; |
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import java.util.List; |
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import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; |
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; |
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import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; |
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; |
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import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; |
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@Transactional |
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@Component ( "userDao" ) |
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public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { |
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public List<User> listUsers() { |
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return this .getSession().createQuery( "from User" ).list(); |
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} |
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} |