MySQL与SqlServer的一些操作区别

 SqlServer版本：SqlServer 2008

MySQL版本： MySQL 5.5

执行符号：

MySQL ：分号';'

SqlServer ：字符'GO'

自增列：MySQL必须要索引，不能设置增量；

默认值：MySQL默认值不用加括号；SqlServer可加或不加；

--MySQL

CREATE TABLE tabName( 

ID INTPRIMARYKEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

Value INTDEFAULT 12

) AUTO_INCREMENT= 100ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULTCHARSET=utf8; 

--SqlServer

CREATE TABLE tabName(

ID INTIDENTITY(100,1)PRIMARYKEY,

Value INTDEFAULT(12)

)

查看表结构定义：

--SqlServer 

EXEC sp_help'tabName' 

--MySQL

DESC tabName

更改表名：

--SqlServer 

EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname=N'tabName',@newname= 'newTabName'

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName RENAME newTabName

更改字段类型：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ALTERCOLUMN [ID] BIGINT

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName MODIFY IDBIGINT

更改字段名：

--SqlServer

EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname=N'tabName.ID',@newname='IewID',@objtype='column'

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName CHANGE IDIewIDBIGINT

添加字段：（一样）

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ADDNAME NVARCHAR(200)NULL

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName ADD NAMENVARCHAR(200)NULL

删除字段：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName] DROP COLUMN NAME

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP NAME

添加主键/外键或约束：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName]ADD CONSTRAINT pk_tabName PRIMARYKEY (id); 

--MySQL

ALTER TABLEtabName ADD CONSTRAINT pk_tabName PRIMARYKEY tabName(id);  

ALTER TABLE subTabName ADD CONSTRAINT fk_subTabName_tabNameFOREIGNKEYsubTabName(fid)REFERENCEStabName(id);

删除主键/外键或约束：

--SqlServer（统一语法）

ALTER TABLE[dbo].[tabName] DROP CONSTRAINT pk_tabName

--MySQL

ALTER TABLEtabName DROP CONSTRAINT constaintName

ALTER TABLEtabName DROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName 

ALTER TABLE subTabName DROP FOREIGNKEYfk_subTabName_tabName 

删除表：

--SqlServer

DROP TABLEtabName,TabName2;

--MySQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tabName,TabName2;

#######################################################################################

**********************************************************************************************************************************

创建视图：

--MySQL

CREATE ORREPLACEVIEW VtabName

AS

SELECT *FROMtabName

WITH CHECK OPTION;

--SqlServer

CREATE VIEWVtabName

AS

SELECT *FROMtabName

WITH CHECK OPTION;

视图结构和定义：

--MySQL

DESC VtabName; 

SHOW CREATEVIEWVtabName; 

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'VtabName';

--SqlServer

sp_help VtabName

sp_helptext VtabName

删除视图：

--MySQL

DROP VIEWtabName;

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS tabName;

--SqlServer

DROP VIEWtabName;

#######################################################################################

**********************************************************************************************************************************

创建索引：

--MySQL

CREATE TABLEtabName(id INT NOTNULL,KEYindName(id));

ALTER TABLEtabNameADD INDEX indName(Value);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ONtabName(Value);

--SqlServer

CREATE TABLE tabName(IDINTIDENTITY(100,1)CONSTRAINTPK_tabNamePRIMARYKEY)

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ONtabName(Value);

重建索引：

--MySQL

REPAIR TABLE tabName QUICK;

--SqlServer

DBCC DBREINDEX('dbo.tabName','',100)

ALTER INDEXindNameON tabName REBUILD;

ALTER INDEX ALL ON tabNameREORGANIZE;

删除索引：

--MySQL

ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP INDEX indName;

ALTER TABLEtabNameDROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName;

ALTER TABLEsubTabNameDROP FOREIGN KEY fk_subTabName_tabName;

DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;

--SqlServer

DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP CONSTRAINTPK_tabName

查看索引：

--MySQL

SHOW INDEX FROM tabName;

--SqlServer

SELECT *FROMsys.indexesWHEREobject_id= OBJECT_ID('tabName')

SELECT * FROM sys.sysindexesWHEREid = OBJECT_ID('tabName')

#######################################################################################

***********************************************************************************************************************************

查看存储过程/函数定义：

--MySQL

SHOW CREATE{PROCEDURE | FUNCTION }name;  

SHOW {PROCEDURE| FUNCTION } STATUS[ LIKE 'pattern']; 

SELECT * FROM information_schema.RoutinesWHEREROUTINE_NAME='name'; 

--SqlServer

exec sp_helpf_getdate

exec sp_helptextf_getdate

SELECT * FROM information_schema.RoutinesWHEREROUTINE_NAME='name'; 

存储过程：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE PROCEDUREsp_name(INparam1 INT,OUTparam2INT)  

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement} 

END// 

DELIMITER ; 



CALL sp_name();  

DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS sp_name;

--SqlServer

CREATE PROCEDUREsp_name(@param1INT,@param2INTOUTPUT)

AS

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement}

END

GO



EXEC sp_name();  

DROP PROCEDUREsp_name;

函数：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE FUNCTIONfn_name() 

RETURNS Decimal(10,2) 

RETURN 3.14; 

// 

DELIMITER ; 



SELECT fn_name(); 

DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS fn_name; 

--SqlServer

CREATE FUNCTIONdbo.fn_name() 

RETURNS Decimal(10,2)

AS

BEGIN

RETURN 3.14

END

GO



SELECT dbo.fn_name(); 

DROP FUNCTIONdbo.fn_name;

触发器：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE TRIGGERtr_name 

{ AFTER|BEFORE } { INSERT| UPDATE | DELETE} 

ON tabName 

FOR EACHROW  

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement;}

END 

DELIMITER ; 

DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tr_name; 

--SqlServer

CREATE TRIGGERdbo.tr_name

ON [dbo].[tabName]

{ FOR|AFTER | INSTEAD OF}{ INSERT | UPDATE| DELETE }

AS

BEGIN

  {sql_statement;}

END

GO

DROP TRIGGER dbo.tr_name

#######################################################################################

***********************************************************************************************************************************

循环语句：

--MySQL（1至100之和）

WHILE 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

WHILE I<= 100DO

SET K=I + K;

SET I=I + 1;

END WHILE;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

REPEAT UNTIL 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

REPEAT

SET K=I + K;

SET I=I + 1;

UNTIL I>100

END REPEAT;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

LOOP 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

LABEL: LOOP

SET K=I + K;

SET I=I + 1;

IF I>100THEN

LEAVE LABEL;

END IF;

END LOOP;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

CALL TESTPRO();

DROP PROCEDUREIFEXISTS TESTPRO;

--SqlServer

DECLARE @I INT = 1

DECLARE @K INT = 0

WHILE @I<= 100

BEGIN

    SET @K = @K + @I

    SET @I = @I + 1

END

SELECT @K

游标：

--MySQL(参数名称不能与列明一样)

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURETESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE FName varchar(50);

DECLARE LName varchar(50);

DECLARE IsDone BOOLEAN DEFAULTFALSE;

DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT FirstName,LastNameFROMPerson;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUNDSETIsDone = TRUE;

OPEN cursor_name;

LABEL: LOOP

    FETCH cursor_name INTO FName,LName;

    IF IsDoneTHEN

    LEAVE LABEL;

    END IF;

    SELECT CONCAT('Contact Name:',FName,LName)ASName;

END LOOP;

CLOSE cursor_name;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

--SqlServer

DECLARE @LastName varchar(50),@FirstNamevarchar(50);

DECLARE contact_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT LastName,FirstNameFROM Person

OPEN contact_cursor;

FETCH NEXTFROMcontact_cursorINTO@LastName,@FirstName;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

    SELECT 'Contact Name: ' + @FirstName + ' '+@LastName

    FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursorINTO@LastName,@FirstName;

END

CLOSE contact_cursor;

DEALLOCATE contact_cursor;

GO

#######################################################################################

***********************************************************************************************************************************

查看账户信息：

--MySQL

select Host,User,Passwordfrommysql.user;

show grantsfor'username'@'localhost';

--SqlServer

select *fromsys.syslogins

select * from sys.sysuserswhereissqluser = 1

添加账户：

--MySQL(insertinto mysql.user 默认禁止,去掉my.init\sql-mode\STRICT_TRANS_TABLES)

CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password'; 

INSERT INTOmysql.user(Host,User,Password) 

VALUES ('localhost','username',PASSWORD('password'));

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GO

CREATE LOGIN[username]WITH PASSWORD=N'password',CHECK_POLICY=OFF

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GO

CREATE USER [username] FORLOGIN[username]

GO

更改密码：

--MySQL

mysqladmin -uusername -p123456 password 654321

set password=password("kk");

set passwordfor'username'@'localhost'=password('123456');

update mysql.usersetPassword = PASSWORD('123456')WHEREuser='username';

flush privileges;

--SqlServer

ALTER LOGIN[username]WITH PASSWORD=N'123456'

sp_password @new = '123456',@loginame='username'--,@old = 'old_password'

授权和回收权限：(SqlServer服务器角色和数据库角色相关操作)

--MySQL

GRANT SELECTon*.* to 'username'@'localhost'identifiedby 'password';

REVOKE allprivileges,grant option FROM'username'@'localhost';

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GRANT CONNECTSQLTO [username]

REVOKE CONNECTSQLTO [username]

EXEC master..sp_addsrvrolemember@loginame=N'username',@rolename= N'sysadmin'

EXEC master..sp_dropsrvrolemember@loginame=N'username' ,@rolename=N'sysadmin' 

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECTON[dbo].[TestTab]TO[username]

REVOKE INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECTON[dbo].[TestTab]TO[username]

EXEC sp_addrolememberN'db_owner',N'username'

EXEC sp_droprolememberN'db_owner',N'username'

GO

删除账户：

--MySQL

DROP user 'username'@'localhost'; 

DELETE FROMmysql.userWHEREuser='username';

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GO

DROP LOGIN[TUser]

sp_droplogin @loginame = 'username'

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GO

DROP USER [TUser]

sp_dropuser @name_in_db = 'username'

GO
 

之前学习了MySQL现在开始学SqlServer感觉MySQL明显比较好用吧！SqlServer用起来语句感觉比较繁琐一点，但是学校要求学的就是这个，感觉学习中对比一下还是有好处的，更能了解数据库的运用吧，继续加油。