一、安装python3.6.5
1.安装 GCC toolchain
sudo apt install build-essential
2.安装依赖
sudo apt install libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libgdbm-dev libdb5.3-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev tk-dev
3.下载python源代码解压并编译
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz
cp Python-3.6.5.tar.xz /usr/bin/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz
tar xf python3.6.tar.xz
mv Pyhon-3.6.5 python3.6.5
# 下载python3.6.5的源代码,复制到/usr/bin/解压源代码并重命名目录
cd python3.6.5
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
sudo make -j 8
sudo make altinstall
# 进入python3.6.5并编译
ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6.5/python /usr/bin/python3.6
# 创建python3.6.5的软链接到/usr/bin/并命名为python3.6
二、默认python版本选择
Ubuntu默认是启动python2的,可以通过输入python -V 查看其默认版本,
我们对其添加默认优先级 (注:一定要创建软链接,不然会报错)
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.5 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 3
后面的数字为启动优先级,添加成功可以再次通过python -V 查看其默认的python
或者直接在命令行输入python查看其进入的版本
三、python3.6安装pip
1.先查看pip3的指向: pip3 -V 发现pip3 指向python3.5
2.查看python各个版本的pip安装情况
python2.7 -m pip -V
python3.5 -m pip -V
python3.6 -m pip -V
提示python3.6没找到pip
3.先安装系统相应的依赖库文件
sudo apt-get install zlibc zlib1g-dev
4.回到python3.6.5安装目录下执行
sudo ./configure
5.编辑Modules/Setup文件
sudo vi Modules/Setup
找到下面这句,去掉注释
#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz
—>zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz
保存退出
6.重新编译:
sudo make && sudo make install
编译过程系统会安装python3.6.5的pip,安装完成后可输入 pip/pip3 -V && python3.6 -m pip -V查看
7.pip常用命令
查看包列表
sudo python3.6 -m pip list
升级pip
sudo python3.6 -m pip install --upgrade pip
安装 selenium 3.141.0 和 requests2.21.0
sudo python3.6 -m pip install selenium==3.141.0
sudo python3.6 -m pip install requests==2.21.0
卸载python3.6的包
sudo python3.6 -m pip uninstall xxx