ORACLE数据库不完全恢复

备份数据库、参数文件、控制文件。

1.备份参数文件：

RMAN> backup spfile format '/backup/spfile%U';

2.备份控制文件：

RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/backup/control%U.bak';

3.备份数据库：

RMAN> backup database ；

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数据库的不完全恢复

备份参数文件、控制文件、数据库、没有备份归档和数据文件，是不能进行完全恢复的，在启动到

mount阶段的时候，会提示找不到数据文件

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 08-MAR-17

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/08/2017 09:24:03

RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 5 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 3 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 2 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 1 found to restore

当报这种error的时候，需要用catalog start with指定数据文件路径。让备份片注册进这个地址，意思是在恢复的时候它可以通过这个地址找到数据文件格式

catalog start with ‘/backup/';

然后就可以restore database或者是restore datafile 1这样一个一个的找。

============================================

1、确认存在数据库所需的所有备份片

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$ ll

total 894752

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 248374272 Jul 24 15:31 arch_full2015072417qcrvcq_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 229207552 Jul 24 15:31 arch_full2015072418qcrvcq_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4608 Jul 24 15:31 arch_full2015072419qcrvf5_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 118882304 Jul 24 15:32 ctl_DB11G_20150724_885915149.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 207273984 Jul 24 15:29 full13qcrv7d_1_120150724

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 110247936 Jul 24 15:29 full14qcrv7d_1_120150724

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1196032 Jul 24 15:30 full15qcrvbb_1_120150724

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 Jul 24 15:32 spfile_DB11G_20150724_43_1.bak

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$

2、删除数据库的参数文件、控制文件、数据文件、 redo 日志等

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$ rm -f $ ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfiledb11g.ora

[oracle@db11g db11g]$ pwd

/oradata/db11g

[oracle@db11g db11g]$ ls

control01.ctl example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf

control02.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf

[oracle@db11g db11g]$ rm -f *

[oracle@db11g db11g]$

3、关闭数据库

[oracle@db11g ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora_

oracle 1789 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_db11g

oracle 1791 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_db11g

oracle 1793 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:10 ora_vktm_db11g

oracle 1797 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_db11g

oracle 1799 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_db11g

oracle 1801 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_db11g

oracle 1803 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_db11g

oracle 1805 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_db11g

oracle 1807 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_db11g

oracle 1809 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_db11g

oracle 1811 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_ckpt_db11g

oracle 1813 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_db11g

oracle 1815 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_db11g

oracle 1817 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:02 ora_mmon_db11g

oracle 1819 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_db11g

oracle 1821 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_db11g

oracle 1823 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_db11g

oracle 3573 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc0_db11g

oracle 3581 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc1_db11g

oracle 3586 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc2_db11g

oracle 3590 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc3_db11g

oracle 3592 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc4_db11g

oracle 3594 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_nsa2_db11g

oracle 3623 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_db11g

oracle 3636 1 0 16:17 ? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_db11g

oracle 3638 1 0 16:17 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_db11g

oracle 3640 1 0 16:17 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_db11g

oracle 4067 1 0 16:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_db11g

oracle 4071 1 0 16:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_db11g

oracle 4396 1 0 16:25 ? 00:00:00 ora_w001_db11g

oracle 4663 4489 0 16:28 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora_

[oracle@db11g ~]$

以 root 用户杀死 pmon 进程，等一会儿数据库即可关闭

[root@db11g backup]# kill -9 1789

[root@db11g backup]# ps -ef|grep ora_

root 4814 3302 0 16:30 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora_

4、进行数据库的不完全恢复

4.1、 rman 启动 dummy 实例，恢复参数文件

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 24 16:39:56 2015

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdb11g.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 07/24/2015 16:40:01

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

RMAN>

重新登陆 rman ，恢复参数文件

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 24 16:40:35 2015

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN> restore spfile from '/backup/rmanfull/spfile_DB11G_20150724_43_1.bak';

Starting restore at 24-JUL-15

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=172 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /backup/rmanfull/spfile_DB11G_20150724_43_1.bak

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 24-JUL-15

RMAN>

4.2、使用恢复的参数文件启动数据库到 nomount 状态，恢复控制文件

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN> shutdown immediate

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup nomount

connected to target database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 471830528 bytes

Fixed Size 2254344 bytes

Variable Size 197134840 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 8200192 bytes

RMAN>

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/backup/rmanfull/ctl_DB11G_20150724_885915149.bak';

Starting restore at 24-JUL-15

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

output file name=/oradata/db11g/control01.ctl

output file name=/oradata/db11g/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 24-JUL-15

RMAN>

4.3、启动数据库到 mount 状态，恢复数据文件

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN>

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 24-JUL-15

allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1

channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=134 device type=SBT_TAPE

channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Oracle Secure Backup

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/db11g/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/db11g/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/db11g/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/rmanfull/full13qcrv7d_1_120150724

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/rmanfull/full13qcrv7d_1_120150724 tag=TAG20150724T152740

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:20

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/db11g/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/db11g/example01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/rmanfull/full14qcrv7d_1_120150724

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/rmanfull/full14qcrv7d_1_120150724 tag=TAG20150724T152740

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55

Finished restore at 24-JUL-15

RMAN>

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 24-JUL-15

using channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 69 is already on disk as file /oradata/backup/1_69_840464833.dbf

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 70 is already on disk as file /oradata/backup/1_70_840464833.dbf

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 71 is already on disk as file /oradata/backup/1_71_840464833.dbf

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 72 is already on disk as file /oradata/backup/1_72_840464833.dbf

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_69_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=69

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_70_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=70

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_71_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=71

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_72_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=72

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_73_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=73

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_74_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=74

archived log file name=/oradata/backup/1_75_840464833.dbf thread=1 sequence=75

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:13

Finished recover at 24-JUL-15

RMAN>

5、检查恢复的数据文件是否存在

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$ ll /oradata/db11g/*

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 118833152 Jul 24 16:50 /oradata/db11g/control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 118833152 Jul 24 16:50 /oradata/db11g/control02.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 346038272 Jul 24 16:49 /oradata/db11g/example01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 618668032 Jul 24 16:49 /oradata/db11g/sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 796925952 Jul 24 16:49 /oradata/db11g/system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 235937792 Jul 24 16:49 /oradata/db11g/undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jul 24 16:49 /oradata/db11g/users01.dbf

[oracle@db11g rmanfull]$

6、打开数据库

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL>

至此，数据库不完全恢复成功。

==================================================

noarchivelog下的数据库恢复：

备注：已经恢复了参数文件和控制文件。

1.startup mount;

2.restore database

3.recover database noredo; #因为这个数据库在noarchivelog模式下，不应用任何归档的redo log并且丢失了redo log，座椅要加参数noredo.

4.alter database open resetlogs; #重新构建联机重做日志，必须使用resetlogs日志。

noarchivelog模式下

ORACLE数据库不完全恢复

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