多数人还是使用Windows或者Mac系统做开发,但是很多时候需要有个Linux环境去测试东西,所以需要创建一台或者多台Linux服务器。
我之前一般是使用VM或者VirtualBox去创建,这种方式需要先下载好镜像文件,然后在一步步去创建,这种方式不能麻烦,但是也绝对不简单,经常出现各种莫名其妙的问题。
下面推荐另外一种快速创建Linux或者Windows的方法,那就是利用VirtualBox+vagrant
VirtualBox,Vagrant分别安装。
1.分别安装这两个软件
2.新建目录centos目录
3.通过cmd进入centos目录
4.vagrant --help 查看是否安装vagrant成功
5.vagrant init centos/7 新建一个centos配置(会生成一个Vagrantfile文件,这个是描述这个Linux的配置)
6.vagrant up 开始新建一个centos虚拟机
7.vagrant ssh 登录这台虚拟机
8.sudo yum update 更新系统
9.通过其他链接工具登录虚拟机:
9.1使用xshell链接测试
9.2连接账号:vagrant
9.3连接密码:vagrant
9.4su到root下密码:vagrant
怎么删除这台Linux呢?
1.退出到cmd
2.vagrant status 查看状态
3.vagrant halt 停掉这台Linux
4.vagrant destroy
5.完成
查找Vagrantfile配置
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
如果需要建立多台可以多copy几个Vagrantfile放到不同目录,分别 vagrant up 即可。
Vagrantfile 这个文件是这个命令生成的"vagrant init centos/7"
另外可以再vagrant up时候做很多事情,创建docker容器:
参考以下配置:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
sudo yum remove docker docker-commondocker-selinuxdocker-engine
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager -y --add-repo http://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum install -y docker-ce
sudo systemctl start docker
SHELL
end
这部分是关键:
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
sudo yum remove docker docker-commondocker-selinuxdocker-engine
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager -y --add-repo http://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum install -y docker-ce
sudo systemctl start docker
SHELL
通过这种配置你可以在创建Linux虚拟机时候同时安装很多软件。