文件备份和还原

今天花了三个小时的时间总结了下文件备份和还原的相关资料，还算是有些收获吧，该文我参考了某些前辈的文章，下面是相关的链接，我增加了更多的细节和自己的想法：

一、文件组的创建、备份以及还原

--    测试环境
USE master
GO
--    DROP DATABASE [Demo]
CREATE DATABASE [Demo]
ON  PRIMARY        ( NAME = N'Demo', FILENAME = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\Demo.mdf' , SIZE = 5120KB , FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ), 
FILEGROUP [FG1] ( NAME = N'Demo01', FILENAME = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\Demo01.ndf' , SIZE = 5120KB , FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ), 
FILEGROUP [FG2] ( NAME = N'Demo02', FILENAME = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\Demo02.ndf' , SIZE = 5120KB , FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ), 
FILEGROUP [FG3] ( NAME = N'Demo03', FILENAME = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\Demo03.ndf' , SIZE = 5120KB , FILEGROWTH = 1024KB )
LOG ON            ( NAME = N'Demo_log', FILENAME = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\Demo_log.ldf' , SIZE = 5120KB , FILEGROWTH = 10MB)
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Demo] SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT
GO
 
USE [Demo]
GO
--    drop table dbo.TAB
CREATE TABLE dbo.TAB(
    Guid uniqueidentifier not null,
    name nvarchar(50) not null,
    sex     bit not null,
    age  smallint not null,
    indate    datetime not null,
    --CONSTRAINT [PK_TAB] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Guid] ASC)ON [FG3]
) ON [FG3]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB_Guid] DEFAULT(NEWSEQUENTIALID()) FOR [Guid]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB_sex] DEFAULT(1) FOR [sex]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB_indate] DEFAULT(GETDATE()) FOR [indate]
GO
 
USE [Demo]
GO
--    drop table dbo.TAB2
CREATE TABLE dbo.TAB2(
    Guid uniqueidentifier not null,
    name nvarchar(50) not null,
    sex     bit not null,
    age  smallint not null,
    indate    datetime not null,
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB2 ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB2_Guid] DEFAULT(NEWSEQUENTIALID()) FOR [Guid]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB2 ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB2_sex] DEFAULT(1) FOR [sex]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TAB2 ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TAB2_indate] DEFAULT(GETDATE()) FOR [indate]
GO
 
INSERT INTO Demo.dbo.TAB(name ,age) SELECT 'KK',10
GO 5
INSERT INTO Demo.dbo.TAB2(name ,age) SELECT 'KK',10
GO 5
 
--    TAB 在文件组 FG3(Demo03) ； TAB2 在文件组 PRIMARY .
 
use master
GO
 
--------------------------------------------------------
/*************** 数据库文件备份还原测试 ***************/
--------------------------------------------------------
 
--    （某个时间）备份文件Demo03
BACKUP DATABASE Demo  
   FILE = 'Demo03' 
   TO DISK = 'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\Demo_file_Demo03.bck'
   WITH INIT , COMPRESSION
GO
 
--    更改数据
UPDATE Demo.dbo.TAB SET name='OO'
GO
UPDATE Demo.dbo.TAB2 SET name='OO'
GO
 
--    备份当前日志, you must add NO_TRUNCATE in statement end,it's tail of log, otherwise, you still can't query TAB after  restore log
BACKUP LOG Demo  
   TO DISK = 'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\Demo_log.bck'
   WITH INIT , NO_TRUNCATE
GO  
 
--    还原文件 Demo03
RESTORE DATABASE [Demo]
    FILE = N'Demo03'
    FROM  DISK = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\Demo_file_Demo03.bck'
    WITH  NORECOVERY
GO
 
/*此时文件组 FG3(Demo03)不能访问，但其他文件组的表可以正常访问！*/
 
 
--    重做后来的日志
RESTORE LOG [Demo]
    FROM  DISK = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\Demo_log.bck'
    WITH  RECOVERY
GO
 
------    完成！
SELECT * FROM Demo.dbo.TAB
SELECT * FROM Demo.dbo.TAB2

备注： no_truncate: 相当于COPY_ONLY和CONTINUE_AFTER_ERROR。使用NO_TRUNCATE备份日志，不会截断日志（仅相当于拷贝日志），所以如果后面有日志备份的话可以跨过这个尾日志，因为它不会截断，也可以在数据库发生错误时使用NO_TRUNCATE备份尾日志。

二、当主文件异常但是日志文件是好的并且SQLSERVER实例运行正常的时候，操作如下：

create table _m(c1 int)
select * from _m

insert _m
select 0

BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK = 'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test.bck' WITH INIT 
BACKUP LOG test TO DISK = 'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test_log.bck' WITH INIT --, NO_TRUNCATE

insert _m select 1
--关掉SQL SERVER SERVICES，拿掉test DB的MDF文件，让文件处于不可用状态
--开启SQLSERVER
BACKUP LOG test TO DISK = 'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test_log1.bck' WITH INIT , NO_TRUNCATE

--开启SQLSERVER这一步不需要删除挂起的DB也可以做的
RESTORE DATABASE test FROM  DISK = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test.bck' WITH  NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG test FROM  DISK = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test_log.bck' WITH  NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG test FROM  DISK = N'D:\MSSQLDATA\backup\test_log1.bck' WITH  RECOVERY
--成功了
select * from TEST.DBO._m

三、与二不同的是，连SQLSERVER实例都不能运行的时候，如下：

以上都是只有一个数据文件的，如果有多个数据文件的话后面有时间更新吧，快晚上11点了，休息了。

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