python 记录Django与Vue前后端分离项目搭建

参考链接：

https://blog.csdn.net/liuyukuan/article/details/70477095

1. 安装python与vue

2. 创建Django项目

django-admin startproject ulb_manager

3. 进入项目并创建名为backeng的app

cd ulb_manager
python manage.py startapp backend

4. 使用vue-cli创建vue项目 frontend

vue-init webpack frontend

5.打包vue目录

cd frontend
npm install
npm run build

打包完成后会生成dist文件内有index.html和文件夹static

6.配置Django指向index.html

配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件


from django.views.generic import TemplateView   // 添加

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")),  // 添加
]

配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        # 'DIRS': [],
        'DIRS': ['frontend/dist'],   // 添加
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

STATICFILES_DIRS = [    // 添加
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "frontend/dist/static"),
]

7. 这时启动Django项目并访问/index便能打开打包好的vue项目

python manage.py runserver

8. Django添加接口

在Django的backend目录下新建urls.py文件

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('testapi', views.testapi, name='testapi'),
]

修改backend目录下views.py文件

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json

# 解决前端post请求 csrf问题
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
@csrf_exempt

def testapi(request):
	print(request)
	print(request.method)
	if request.method == "GET":
		print(request.GET.get('aa'))
		resp = {'errorcode': 100, 'type': 'Get', 'data': {'main': request.GET.get('aa')}}
		return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")
	else:
		print(request.POST)
		print(request.body)
		str1=str(request.body, encoding = "utf-8")  
		data=eval(str1)
		print(data)
		print(data['aa'])
		print(type(request.body))
		resp = {'errorcode': 100, 'type': 'Post', 'data': {'main': data['aa']}}
		return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")

配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path  // 添加
from django.views.generic import TemplateView


urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")),
	path('api/', include('backend.urls'))   // 添加
]

这时接口就可以访问到了

9. 开发环境跨域

前端编辑时依旧使用npm run dev 这时请求Django接口可能会出现跨域问题

安装django-cors-headers

pip install django-cors-headers

配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  // 添加
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True   // 添加

10. 在vue中请求接口

配置axios

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39785489/article/details/80111141

在组建中使用

import {post,get,patch,put} from '../http'

export default {
  name: 'HelloWorld',
  mounted() {
    // get('http://localhost:8000/api/testapi?aa=bb')
    //   .then((response) => {
    //     console.log(response)
    // })
    post('http://localhost:8000/api/testapi',{"aa": 'bb'})
      .then((response) => {
        console.log(response)
        console.log(response.data.main)
    })
  },
  data () {
    return {
      msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App'
    }
  }
}

请求成功

python 记录Django与Vue前后端分离项目搭建

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