innobackupex备份工具

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  1. innobackupex备份工具

1 innobackupex备份工具

1.1 问题

  • 安装percona软件包
  • innobackupex完整备份、增量备份操作。
  • 恢复数据

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：安装XtraBackup软件包

1）了解软件包描述信息

  1. [root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -qpi percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. Name : percona-xtrabackup-24
  3. Version : 2.4.6
  4. Release : 2.el7
  5. Architecture: x86_64
  6. Install Date: (not installed)
  7. Group : Applications/Databases
  8. Size : 32416340
  9. License : GPLv2
  10. Signature : DSA/SHA1, 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时28分17秒, Key ID 1c4cbdcdcd2efd2a
  11. Source RPM : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.src.rpm
  12. Build Date : 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时27分21秒
  13. Build Host : vps-centos7-x64-01.ci.percona.com
  14. Relocations : (not relocatable)
  15. URL : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup
  16. Summary : XtraBackup online backup for MySQL / InnoDB
  17. Description :
  18. Percona XtraBackup is OpenSource online (non-blockable) backup solution for InnoDB and XtraDB engines

2）安装依赖包perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 libev

使用RHEL 7自带的即可，yum方式安装：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 pub]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5
  2. libev使用网上找的rpm包 libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm //该包由讲师提供
  3. [root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm –ivh libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

如果未安装这些依赖包，则直接安装percona-xtrabackup时会报错：

代码

3）安装percona-xtrabackup

  1. [root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-*.rpm
  2. 警告：percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
  3. 准备中... ################################# [100%]
  4. 正在升级/安装...
  5. 1:percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7################################# [ 33%]
  6. 2:percona-xtrabackup-test-24-2.4.6-################################# [ 67%]
  7. 3:percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo-2################################# [100%]

4）确认安装的主要程序/脚本

  1. [root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64
  2. /usr/bin/innobackupex
  3. /usr/bin/xbcloud
  4. /usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
  5. /usr/bin/xbcrypt
  6. /usr/bin/xbstream
  7. /usr/bin/xtrabackup
  8. /usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6
  9. /usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6/COPYING
  10. /usr/share/man/man1/innobackupex.1.gz
  11. /usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
  12. /usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
  13. /usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz

步骤二：innobackupex完整备份、增量备份操作

--host 主机名

--port 3306

--user 用户名

--password 密码

--databases="库名"

--databases="库1 库2"

--databases="库.表"

--no-timestamp 不用日期命名备份文件存储的子目录，使用备份的数据库名做备份目录名

--no-timestmap 不使用日期命名备份目录名

1）做一个完整备份

默认情况下，备份文件存储的子目录会用日期命名，

innobackupex作为客户端工具，以mysql协议连入mysqld，将数据备份到/backup文件夹：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=1234567 /backup/mysql –no-timestamp
  2. 170425 11:05:44 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
  4. IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
  5. At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
  6. prints "completed OK!".
  8. Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374.
  9. 170425 11:05:45 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set
  10. Using server version 5.7.17
  11. innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
  12. xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
  13. xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
  14. xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
  15. xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
  16. xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
  17. xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  18. xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
  19. xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
  20. xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
  21. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  22. 170425 11:05:45 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
  23. xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
  24. InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
  25. 170425 11:05:45 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/ibdata1
  26. 170425 11:05:45 [01] ...done
  27. 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /backup/mysql/plugin.ibd
  28. 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
  29. 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.ibd to /backup/mysql/servers.ibd
  30. 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
  31. 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.ibd to /backup/mysql/help_topic.ibd
  32. 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
  33. 170425 11:05:46 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
  34. .. ..
  35. 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm to /backup/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm
  36. 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
  37. 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/session_ssl_status.frm to /backup/sys/session_ssl_status.frm
  38. 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
  39. 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/db.opt to /backup/db1/db.opt
  40. 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
  41. 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/tb1.frm to /backup/db1/tb1.frm
  42. 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
  43. 170425 11:06:00 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
  44. 170425 11:06:00 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
  45. xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '2543884'
  46. xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
  47. .170425 11:06:00 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
  49. 170425 11:06:00 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
  50. 170425 11:06:00 All tables unlocked
  51. 170425 11:06:00 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /backup/ib_buffer_pool
  52. 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
  53. 170425 11:06:00 Backup created in directory '/backup/'
  54. 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
  55. 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
  56. 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
  57. 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
  58. xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2543884) to (2543893) was copied.
  59. 170425 11:06:01 completed OK

确认备份好的文件数据：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#ls /backup/
  2. backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql sys xtrabackup_info
  3. db1 ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile

2）做一个增量备份（基于前一步的完整备份）

随意做一些新增或更改库表的操作，比如在db1库中新建一个mytb的表：

  1. mysql> USE db1;
  2. Database changed
  3. mysql> CREATE TABLE mytb(id int(4), name varchar(24));
  4. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
  5. mysql> INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES
  6. -> (1,'bon'),
  7. -> (2,'bo'),
  8. Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)
  9. Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
  10. mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1;
  11. +------+------+
  12. | id | name |
  13. +------+------+
  14. | 1 | bob |
  15. | 2 | bo |
  16. +------+------+
  17. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以前一次保存到/backup的完整备份为基础，做一个增量备份，保存到/incr01/，指定增量备份参照的基本目录（完整备份目录）需要用到选项--incremental-basedir。相关操作如下：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --incremental /incr01 --incremental-basedir=/backup/ --no-timestamp
  2. 170425 11:30:14 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
  4. IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
  5. At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
  6. prints "completed OK!".
  8. Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374.
  9. 170425 11:30:14 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set
  10. Using server version 5.7.17
  11. innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
  12. incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled.
  13. xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
  14. xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
  15. xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
  16. xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
  17. xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
  18. xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  19. xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
  20. xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
  21. xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
  22. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  23. 170425 11:30:14 >> log scanned up to (2549933)
  24. xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
  25. InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
  26. xtrabackup: using the full scan for incremental backup
  27. 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /incr01/ibdata1.delta
  28. 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done
  29. 170425 11:30:15 >> log scanned up to (2549933)
  30. 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /incr01/mysql/plugin.ibd.delta
  31. 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done
  32. ... ...
  33. 170425 11:30:35 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
  34. 170425 11:30:35 All tables unlocked
  35. 170425 11:30:35 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /incr01/ib_buffer_pool
  36. 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
  37. 170425 11:30:35 Backup created in directory '/incr01/'
  38. 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
  39. 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
  40. 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
  41. 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
  42. xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2549924) to (2549933) was copied.
  43. 170425 11:30:35 completed OK!

确认备份好的文件数据：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# ls /incr01/
  2. backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool ibdata1.meta performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
  3. db1 ibdata1.delta mysql sys

对比完整备份、增量备份的大小：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# du -sh /backup/ /incr01/
  2. 142M    /backup/ //完整备份的大小
  3. 3.5M    /incr01/ //增量备份的大小

步骤三：恢复数据

通过XtraBackup工具备份的数据库目录，若要恢复到另一个MySQL服务器，需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作。

1）准备恢复“完整备份”

完成准备以后，最终/backup可用来重建MySQL服务器。这种情况下，需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作，以确保数据一致性：

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/
  2. 170425 11:42:19 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
  4. IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
  5. At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
  6. prints "completed OK!".
  8. innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
  9. xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
  10. xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.
  11. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  12. xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to '--prepare'.
  13. xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
  14. xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
  15. xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  16. xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
  17. xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
  18. xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
  19. xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
  20. xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
  21. xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  22. xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
  23. xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
  24. xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
  25. xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
  26. xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
  27. InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
  28. InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
  29. InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
  30. InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
  31. InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
  32. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  33. InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
  34. InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
  35. InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
  36. InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
  37. InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
  39. xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
  40. InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
  41. InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2544177
  42. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  43. 170425 11:42:20 completed OK!

准备恢复“增量备份”

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/ --incremental-dir=/incr01
  2. 170425 11:42:55 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
  4. IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
  5. At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
  6. prints "completed OK!".
  8. innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
  9. incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled.
  10. xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
  11. xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared with --apply-log-only.
  12. InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
  13. xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(2549924)
  14. xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
  15. xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
  16. xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  17. xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = /incr01/
  18. xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
  19. xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
  20. xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
  21. InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
  22. xtrabackup: page size for /incr01//ibdata1.delta is 16384 bytes
  23. Applying /incr01//ibdata1.delta to ./ibdata1...
  24. ... ...
  25. 170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/global_status.frm to ./performance_schema/global_status.frm
  26. 170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
  27. 170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/session_status.frm to ./performance_schema/session_status.frm
  28. 170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
  29. 170425 11:43:09 [00] Copying /incr01//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
  30. 170425 11:43:09 [00] ...done
  31. 170425 11:43:10 completed OK!

2）关闭mysql服务，并将/var/lib/mysql/下的文件删除，假设数据被删除。

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl stop mysqld
  2. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

3）恢复“完整备份+增量备份”

完成准备以后，最终仍然是/backup用来重建MySQL服务器，但这种情况下需提前合并相关增量备份的数据

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --copy-back /backup/
  2. ... ...
  3. 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/global_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/glo.frm
  4. 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
  5. 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/seus.frm
  6. 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
  7. 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ib_buffer_pool to /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
  8. 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
  9. 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
  10. 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
  11. 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
  12. 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
  13. 170425 11:51:39 completed OK!

4）修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件属主与属组,查看数据：

恢复后，/var/lib/mysql下文件属组与属主皆为root，需要更改为mysql

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
  2. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl start mysqld.service
  3. [root@dbsvr1 ~]#mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "select * from db1.tb1"
  4. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  5. +------+------+
  6. | id | name |
  7. +------+------+
  8. | 1 | bob |
  9. | 2 | bo |
  10. +------+------+

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