sshd服务
1.sshd介绍
sshd为secure shell的简称；可以通过网络在主机中开机shell的服务
连接方式（在客户端）：ssh username@ip #文本模式
ssh -X username@ip #可以在链接成功后开启图形界面
注意：
第一次链接陌生主机是要建立认证文件,然后会询问是否建立，需要输入yes
再次链接此台主机时，因为已经生成~/.ssh/know_hosts文件所以不需要再次输入yes
远程复制： 格式 scp file root@id:dir(文件的上传)
scp root@if:/dir file(文件的下载)
- 示例：把177主机下/mnt/file1文件上传到 172.25.254.97主机的/root/Desktop/目录下：
[root@localhost mnt]# ls niu/
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
[root@localhost mnt]# scp niu/file1 [email protected]:/root/Desktop/
file1 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
此时可以在97主机下的桌面上看到file1：
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls
file1
- 示例：把97主机桌面下的file文件下载到177主机的/mnt/目录下：
file 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
此时可以在177主机上/mnt/目录下可以看到file文件
file niu [email protected]
2.sshd 的key认证
【1】生成认证KEY
生成密钥的命令：ssh-keygen
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a
. .bash_logout .config Downloads Music Templates
.. .bash_profile .cshrc .esd_auth Pictures Videos
anaconda-ks.cfg .bashrc Desktop .ICEauthority Public .viminfo
.bash_history .cache Documents .local .tcshrc
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
8c:23:ee:39:11:6b:e6:af:a3:76:b1:00:a5:6e:d1:d3 root@localhost
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
| . |
| o. . |
|o. o.E o |
|... ooo S |
| o..*. . |
|. =.+ |
| ..*. |
| ..o+=. |
+-----------------+
【2】加密服务
使用命令：ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@id
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.97 (172.25.254.97)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
(此时authorized_keys文件，生成代表97主机加密成功;id-rsa为钥匙，id_rsa.pub为锁）
【3】分发钥匙
使用命令： scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@id:/root/.ssh/
authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
[root@localhost .ssh]# scp id_rsa [email protected]:/root/.ssh/
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.177 (172.25.254.177)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.177' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
id_rsa 100% 1679 1.6KB/s 00:00
**在177主机下进行验证：
id_rsa known_hosts
【4】测试
在客户主机中（172.25.254.177）输入命令：ssh [email protected]
Last login: Wed Jul 25 23:10:43 2018
此时不需要进行root用户的登陆，直接连接成功
3.sshd的安全设定
PasswordAuthentication yes|no ##是否允许用户通过登陆系统的密码做sshd的认证，（在78行也可登录其他用户密码）
PermitRootLogin yes|no ##是否允许root用户通过sshd服务的认证（48行）
Allowusers student westos ##设定用户白名单，白名单出现默认不再名单中的用户不能使用sshd
Denyusers westos ##设定用户黑名单，黑名单出现默认不再名单中的用户可以使用sshd
注意：在服务端修改文件的配置：vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
配置完成之后要重启服务：systemctl restart sshd.service
此文为装载