分析工具类Semaphore的实现

Semaphore 是什么?
Semaphore 字面意思是信号量的意思,它的作用是控制访问特定资源的线程数目。

Semaphore的构造函数中,默认会把Sync对象创建为NonfairSync对象,这被称为“非公平锁”;而另一个构造函数Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair)传入参数为true时将会把Sync对象创建为“公平锁”(FairSync);

首先看非公平模式
主要看两个方法:acquire(int permits)、release(int permits)

acquire()方法实现:
1,方法中只有一行代码,调用了AQS中的acquireSharedInterruptibly方法,该方法在尝试获取锁时可被中断。
2,如果tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0 ,则进入acquireSharedInterruptibly方法中。

首先看tryAcquireShared(arg)方法:
该方法调用了nonfairTryAcquireShared方法如下:

final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            for (;;) {
                int available = getState();
                int remaining = available - acquires;
                if (remaining < 0 ||
                    compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
                    return remaining;
            }
        }

从上面方法中可以理解:若获取锁状态的线程数acquires不够获取的情况返回值会小于0;当compareAndSetState(available, remaining)更新成功的情况返回值大于0;

1)当返回值remaining大于0时,则表示acquires个线程已同时成功获取当前资源。
2)当返回值remaining小于0时,进入doAcquireSharedInterruptibly方法,

public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
    }

该方法会将当前线程打包成Node节点(并设置成为共享模式)然后加入到队尾。然后在自旋方法中,获取Node节点的前驱节点,若前驱节点为head节点,则重新尝试获取锁状态并取得返回值r,此时,
若r>=0则通过传播的方式依次唤醒所有可被唤醒的后继节点。
若r<0则判断是否需要阻塞等待,若需要则进入阻塞状态。

release方法实现:
1,该方法会调用AQS中的releaseShared方法,方法如下:

public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
            doReleaseShared();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

其中tryReleaseShared是抽象模板方法,需要Semaphore自实现,若tryReleaseShared返回true则进入doReleaseShared()方法,并返回true,否则返回false;

先看tryReleaseShared方法实现:

protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            for (;;) {
                int current = getState();
                int next = current + releases;
                if (next < current) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum permit count exceeded");
                if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
                    return true;
            }
        }

该方法可理解为:当releases个线程释放资源时,会同时释放releases个锁状态,并返回true表示资源锁释放成功。注:releases可以理解为线程个数。

此时,若返回true的情况下会进入doReleaseShared()方法中,该方法如下:

private void doReleaseShared() {
        /*
         * Ensure that a release propagates, even if there are other
         * in-progress acquires/releases.  This proceeds in the usual
         * way of trying to unparkSuccessor of head if it needs
         * signal. But if it does not, status is set to PROPAGATE to
         * ensure that upon release, propagation continues.
         * Additionally, we must loop in case a new node is added
         * while we are doing this. Also, unlike other uses of
         * unparkSuccessor, we need to know if CAS to reset status
         * fails, if so rechecking.
         */
        for (;;) {
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h != tail) {
                int ws = h.waitStatus;
                if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
                    if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
                        continue;            // loop to recheck cases
                    unparkSuccessor(h);
                }
                else if (ws == 0 &&
                         !compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
                    continue;                // loop on failed CAS
            }
            if (h == head)                   // loop if head changed
                break;
        }
    }

该方法从头节点开始依次唤醒所有可被唤醒的后继节点。

初步对Semaphore源码进行解析,后面会进行改进自己对源码的理解。。。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/IT_Lynn/article/details/89790249
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