47.Nginx安装、默认虚拟主机、Nginx用户认证、Nginx域名重定向

一 、Nginx安装

cd /usr/local/src
 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
 tar  zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
 cd nginx-1.12.1
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
 make &&  make install
 vim /etc/init.d/nginx 

• 复制如下内容（参考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx ）
  

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
 chkconfig --add nginx 
 chkconfig nginx on 
 cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ 
 mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

vim nginx.conf //写入如下内容（参考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf）

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /etc/init.d/nginx  start
 netstat -lntp |grep 80

• 测试php解析

vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php      //加入如下内容

 <?php
    echo "test php scripts.";
?>

 curl localhost/1.php

二、Nginx默认虚拟主机

  vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  //先删除server部分，然后增加
  include vhost/*.conf
  mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
  cd !$

vim default.conf //加入如下内容

server
{
    listen 80 default_server;  // 有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
    server_name aaa.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/default;
}

 mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
 echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload     //不重启nginx重新加载配置文件，如果配置文件错误则不会重新加载
 curl localhost
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com

三、Nginx用户认证

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf//写入如下内容

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location  /
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}

 yum install -y httpd  //如果没有安装apache就yum安装，然后执行下面命令
 htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd chinantfy

• 由于之前已经安装apache，这里直接执行命令

 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd  chinantfy //第一次生成文件才需要加-c，追加用户不需要加

 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload//测试配置并重新加载

 mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
 echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I//状态码为401说明需要验证
 curl -uchinantfy:qwer -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I   //访 问状态码变为200 

• 编辑windows的hosts文件，然后在浏览器中访问test.com会有输入用户、密码的弹窗

• 针对目录的用户认证(test/admin)

location  /admin/
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}

• 针对php文件

location  ~ admin.php
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}

四、Nginx域名重定向

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }
}

• server_name后面支持写多个域名，这里要和httpd的做一个对比,httpd只能写一个

 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test1.com -I

permanent为永久重定向，状态码为301，如果写redirect则为302